when rocks are broken down by a chemical change, for example reactions with acid rain

a colourless solution which is used to test for carbon dioxide. It turns cloudy/milky white when carbon dioxide is bubbled through it

when a chemical reaction is carried out to determine the presence of a substance

rainwater that is more acidic than usual due to air pollution, usually caused by sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides

Chemical reactions: acid and metal carbonate

Science

In the unit Making salts, pupils will build on this knowledge to learn about the production of pure salts, and about why acids are acidic and how bases can neutralise them. 

In the Understanding Chemical Reactions unit, pupils learned how atoms rearrange to form new substances during chemical reactions.

This unit covers acids, alkalis, and their neutralisation reactions, the pH scale, and the reactions of acids with metals and alkalis. It also examines the chemical properties of metal and non-metal oxides. Emphasis is on evaluating risks, using appropriate techniques, and making observations.

Acids and bases

Physical activity and equipment requiring safe use

Which of the following is the correct formula for a carbonate group?

metal ________ + acid → metal salt + water + carbon dioxide

Match the following gases to the chemical test for that gas.

Rainwater with a pH higher than 5.6 is called acid rain.

Rainwater and acid rain both react with marble statues.

Which of the following statements about rainwater are incorrect?

The Sun warming rocks, causing them to expand and crack.

Limestone rocks being slowly dissolved by acid rain.

Tree roots growing into cracks in rocks, making them wider so they crack.

Statues made from calcium carbonate very slowly losing their features.

Which of the following are examples of chemical weathering?

CaCO₃(s) + 2HCl(l) → CaCl₂(s) + H₂(g) + CO₂(s)

CaCO₃(s) + HCl(l) → CaCl(s) + H₂O(l) + CO₂(g)

CaCO₃(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CaCl₂(s) + H₂O(l) + CO₂(g)

CaCO₃(s) + HCl(aq) → CaCl₂(s) + H₂O(l) + CO₂(g)

Which of the following equations is the correct balanced symbol equation for the reaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid?

Match the following chemical symbols/formulae to their name.

formed when a substance is dissolved in water

a compound formed when an acid reacts with a base

when an acid and a base react to produce a neutral solution 

Match the following key terms to their definitions.

The word used to describe the release of gas from a chemical reaction in a solution is {{}}.

When sodium hydroxide is added to hydrochloric acid, what happens to the pH of the solution?

Which of the following equations is the general equation for a neutralisation reaction?

The pupil has added too much sodium hydroxide.

The pupil has added too much hydrochloric acid.

A pupil investigates the neutralisation of hydrochloric acid with sodium hydroxide. They add two drops of universal indicator to the solution, which turned blue. What does this tell them?

Content guidance

Risk assessment required - equipment

Adult supervision required

Introduction

What will you need for this lesson?

Are you ready to learn?

Equipment

Content guidance

Supervision

Worksheet