Lesson video

Hi, I'm Ms Miah.

Thank you so much for joining me in this lesson today.

Let's get started.

The ground rules are on your screen.

Let's begin with what Laura is saying.

So we're gonna be listening to others.

"It's okay to disagree with each other, but we should listen properly before making assumptions or deciding how to respond.

When disagreeing, challenge the statement, not the person.

" Andeep says, "Respect privacy.

We can discuss examples, but do not use names or descriptions that identify anyone, including ourselves.

" Jacob says, "No judgment.

We can explore beliefs and misunderstandings about a topic without fear of being judged.

" And lastly, Izzy says, "Choose level of participation.

Everyone has the right to choose not to answer a question or join a discussion.

We never put anyone on the spot.

" Super.

Let's move on.

So in today's lesson, you'll be able to describe the effects of smoking on the human body.

Your keywords are on the screen now.

You can write them down if you'd like to.

So we've got smoking, tobacco, nicotine, gas exchange.

Let's find out what these keywords mean.

Smoking: the action of inhaling and exhaling smoke from burning tobacco.

Tobacco: dried leaves of the tobacco plant.

Nicotine: highly addictive drug found in tobacco leaves.

Gas exchange: the process of oxygen diffusing from the lungs into the blood and carbon dioxide diffusing from the blood to the lungs.

Let's move on.

So this lesson is all about smoking.

We've got three lesson cycles today, and our first lesson cycle is to do with tobacco, we're then going to be having a look at the effects of nicotine, and then lastly, we'll be looking at the effect of smoking on the gas exchange system.

Let's begin.

In May 2017, the UK government enforced a rule meaning cigarettes must now be sold in standardized green packaging with graphic warnings of the dangers of smoking.

Prior to this, packs could be colorful, and some even had recognizable characters.

Why do you think they did this?

You may have thought of the following reasons.

So one, to make cigarettes less appealing.

Bright, colorful branding can make products look attractive and cool, but plain green packaging removes the marketing appeal.

Two, to reduce smoking, especially in young people.

Three, to make health warnings more noticeable.

So without the colorful branding, the graphic warning images and messages stand out more.

Four, to discourage people from starting to smoke.

Five, to encourage smokers to quit.

So constant exposure to graphic warnings may make smokers think about quitting.

And lastly, six, to reduce the influence of tobacco company marketing.

So companies previously used packaging as advertising.

Standardized packs stopped them using design to promote their brand.

So on the right here we've got a cigarette packaging with graphic warning.

Globally, smoking kills more than 8 million people each year.

Smoking can lead to many problems: damage to the skin, high blood pressure, cancer, asthma, damage to fetus, emphysema, a form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Tobacco comes from the tobacco plant, and here on the left we can see a tobacco farm.

The leaves are dried and then rolled into cigarettes or cigars.

When the tobacco in cigarettes burns, it releases approximately 5,000 different chemicals.

70 of these chemicals cause cancer.

There is no safe level for smoking.

What cancer-causing chemicals are in cigarettes?

So let's have a look.

On the left here we have the chemicals.

So we've got cadmium, arsenic, formaldehyde, 1,3-butadiene, and benzene.

And on the right here, where else can it be found?

So cadmium can be found in car batteries, arsenic can be found in poison, formaldehyde is a preservative used in embalming, 1,3-butadiene is used in rubber manufacturing, and lastly, benzene is an industrial solvent.

Over to you.

As long as you don't smoke every day, your health should be fine.

Is this true or is this false, and I'd like you to justify your answer.

You can pause the video here, and click play when you've completed this check for understanding.

So how did that go?

Well, it's false.

Can you justify why?

So is it A, because there is no safe level of smoking; or B, you have to smoke all the time to have negative effects.

What do you think?

Pause the video, and click play when you're ready to rejoin us.

So what did you get?

If you got A, you are correct.

There is no safe level of smoking.

Let's move on.

Back to you.

Where does tobacco come from?

Is it A, animals; B, plants; or C, man-made in a laboratory?

What do you think?

You can pause the video here, and click play once you've got the answer.

So what did you get?

If you got B, plants, you are correct.

Tobacco comes from the tobacco plant.

Let's move on.

Task A.

I'd like you to draw a picture of a cigarette on your page.

Draw images around it to show some of the effects of smoking.

You can pause the video here, and click play once you've completed this task.

So how did that go?

Well, here are some examples of what you may have drawn.

We've got cancer, damage to unborn child, emphysema, wrinkles, and high blood pressure.

Well done for completing that task.

Let's move on.

The effects of nicotine.

Nicotine is a recreational drug found naturally in tobacco plants.

So on the left here we've got the nicotine structure and the tobacco flower.

Nicotine is highly addictive.

Addiction is characterized by the persistent urge to use a drug.

People continue to smoke even though they know it is not good for them.

Nicotine can narrow the blood vessels that supply the heart with blood.

So here on the left, we've got an image of the heart, and we've got the coronary arteries being highlighted there.

This will reduce the flow of oxygen to the muscle cells of the heart for cellular respiration.

This can result in the muscle cells no longer contracting and dying.

If a large portion of the heart is damaged, this can cause a heart attack and death.

Nicotine can also raise blood pressure and increase heart rate.

And on the left here we've got an image of someone monitoring their blood pressure, and we've got a heart rate monitor there as well.

A high blood pressure puts a strain on blood vessels and can damage them.

This can lead to heart disease and a possible heart attack.

If the heart is beating more frequently, the heart muscle will require more oxygen and glucose to fuel respiration.

Beating more also puts more pressure on the heart, as it has to work harder.

Back to you.

Which of the following statements are false?

Is it A, nicotine is a highly addictive legal drug; B, nicotine decreases blood pressure; C, nicotine increases heart rate; D, nicotine causes the narrowing of coronary arteries.

What do you think?

You can pause the video here, and click play once you've completed this check for understanding.

So how did that go?

Which statements are false?

Well, A and B are false.

So let's look at A.

Now, we know that nicotine is highly addictive, but it is a legal drug.

Nicotine does not decrease blood pressure.

It actually increases blood pressure.

Well done if you managed to get that correct.

Let's move on.

Task B.

One, what is the main chemical that causes people to continue to smoke even though they know it is not good for them?

Two, explain why smoking causes narrowing of the coronary arteries and how this can lead to cardiac arrest.

You can pause the video here to complete this task, and click play once you're ready to rejoin.

So how did that go?

Well, for one, you may have written something like this.

Cigarettes contain nicotine, which is a highly addictive recreational drug found naturally in tobacco plants.

Addiction is characterized by the persistent urge to use a drug.

This is why people continue to smoke even though they know it's not good for them.

This is what you may have written for two.

Cigarettes contain nicotine.

Nicotine causes the narrowing of the coronary arteries.

The coronary arteries supply the heart with blood.

The blood brings oxygen to the muscle cells in the heart for cellular respiration.

If the arteries are narrower, then not enough blood flows through them.

This can lead to a heart attack.

Well done if you managed to include some of those key points.

Let's move on.

Lesson cycle three.

We're now going to be having a look at the effect of smoking on the gas exchange system.

Let's begin.

Smoke and heat damages the ciliated cells that line our airways.

So here we have an image of the gas exchange system in detail.

We've got the ciliated cells, and we can see the cilia there.

Healthy ciliated cells trap dirt and dust, which helps to protect us from infections.

Now, on the right here we can see damaged ciliated cells that line the airways.

Can you see how they have got shorter and less numerous cilia?

As a result of being damaged, they can no longer remove mucus effectively.

The smoker must cough to move the mucus.

So this is known as smoker's cough.

They will be more susceptible to lung infections, such as bronchitis.

The tar in cigarette smoke can cause cancer.

Tar can cause various types of cancer, including mouth, throat, and lung cancers.

The chemicals in tar damage DNA.

This can lead to uncontrolled cell division.

This is cancer.

Tar found in cigarette smoke can damage the alveoli in the lungs and lead to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD, such as emphysema.

And here we have an image showing the blackened lung of a smoker caused by a buildup of tar.

Can you see here we've got healthy alveoli and an example of emphysema alveoli?

The walls of the alveoli break down, leading to a smaller surface area for gas exchange.

Carbon monoxide is a poisonous gas found in cigarette smoke.

Here we can see the carbon monoxide molecule.

It is composed of carbon and oxygen.

And then we've got an alveolus and blood vessel.

Carbon monoxide is breathed in and can diffuse into the blood through the alveoli.

It can take the place of oxygen in the red blood cells.

Both carbon monoxide and COPD reduces the amount of oxygen in the blood, and so the circulatory system has to work harder.

This can lead to heart disease.

Over to you.

Which of the following diseases are associated with smoking?

Is it A, bronchitis; B, measles; C, emphysema; or D, athlete's foot?

What do you think?

You can pause the video here, and click play once you've got the answer.

So what did you get?

Well, you should have got bronchitis and emphysema.

Let's move on.

Task C.

Andeep is explaining to Laura why he thinks the government banned smoking in public places in 2004.

Can you add detail about specific diseases that affect the gas exchange system?

Andeep says, "Secondhand smoke could still affect a person's breathing, so the government banned smoking in public places.

" You can pause the video here, and click play once you've completed this task.

So how did that go?

Well, you may have written something like this.

Cancer: tar and cigarette smoke can damage a cell's DNA.

This can lead to uncontrolled cell division.

This is cancer.

Smoking can lead to throat, mouth, or lung cancer.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, otherwise known as COPD: tar found in cigarette smoke can damage the alveoli in the lungs and can lead to COPD.

The walls of the alveoli break down, leading to a smaller surface area for gas exchange.

This reduces the amount of oxygen in the blood and so the circulatory system has to work harder.

This can lead to heart disease.

Well done for completing this task.

Let's summarize our learning.

So this lesson was to do with smoking.

You now understand that tobacco is found in cigarettes and is made of the dried leaves of tobacco plants.

It contains thousands of different chemicals, including nicotine.

Nicotine is a highly addictive drug that makes smokers continue to want to smoke even though they know it isn't good for them.

And lastly, smoking can affect the gas exchange system and lead to asthma, lung infections, COPD, and cancer.

Thank you so much for joining me in this lesson.

Bye!