Hello and welcome to today's lesson from the unit "Introduction to the human skeleton and muscles".

This lesson is called "The human skeleton: support".

In today's lesson you'll be able to explain all about the human skeleton and how it supports the body.

Hello, my name's Mr. Loudon, and I can't wait to learn science with you today.

I know if you concentrate and work hard, you are going to be amazing learning superstars.

So let's get started.

Before we start the lesson, let's have a look at some of the keywords: skeleton, bone, X-ray, support.

Have a think about them.

Have you heard them before? Let's go through some of the keywords.

A skeleton is a frame for the soft parts of the body.

Bones are a hard and stiff material that make up a skeleton.

An X-ray is used to create an image of our bones.

An animal's body needs a skeleton to support it to stay upright and straight.

This lesson is split into three parts.

What is my skeleton made from? How can I see my skeleton? Why do I need a skeleton? Let's look at the first part now.

All humans have bones.

Bones join together to make a skeleton, and you can see a skeleton on the board.

You might be able to feel your skeleton through your skin.

Have a feel.

Can you feel your skeleton? What does your skeleton feel like? Can you think of a word to describe how your skeleton feels? Skeletons are made up of bones, and bones are hard.

Here's a picture of one type of bone you might find in your body.

But do all your bones look like this? Are they all the same shape and size? What do you think? A human adult skeleton has 206 bones.

Bones come in all different shapes and sizes.

Can you name any of these bones? Well, the bone on the left is called your skull, and it protects your brain.

The bones in the middle form your arm, they're your arm bones.

And the bones on the right-hand side are your rib cage, they protect your lungs and your heart, which are really important.

Before we move on, let's stop and check your understanding of the first part of the lesson.

On the board are some sentences, but they've got some missing words.

Can you fill in the missing words? Have a think.

How did you get on? Let's go through the sentences together.

A human skeleton is made up of.

bones! Bones are a strong material and feel.

hard! The bones are different.

shapes and.

sizes! There are.

206 bones in an adult skeleton.

A bone is a living thing.

In the middle of the bone there's bone marrow, which is soft, and the bone needs blood to stay healthy.

You can see those tiny red vessels in the bone that bring blood to it so that it stays healthy.

On the outside of the bone there's a material that's very hard and this protects the inside of the bone.

Let's go on to task A.

Represent your skeleton on your upper body using masking tape.

First I want you to explore your skeleton with a partner.

Find your bones by feeling through your clothes.

Ask your partner to use masking tape to mark the position of your bones on your front and back.

Start with your arm.

Find a bone and use one piece of masking tape to show its length and position.

And finally, find and represent as many bones as you can.

Observe carefully where your bones are joined.

Did you have fun? Let's look for what is similar between your masking tape skeleton and the skeletons below.

On the left hand side we've got the front of the body.

On the right hand side is the back.

Did your skeleton look the same? They should have looked similar as all humans have the same skeletons made up of many strong bones of different shapes and sizes.

Let's move on to the second part of the lesson now.

How can I see my skeleton? Have a look at the picture on the board.

What do you think has happened to this person? They've broken a bone in their leg.

But how do we know? We can't see our skeleton when we look in the mirror, we have to use an X-ray instead.

And on the right-hand side there's a picture of a hand that's been X-rayed.

The X-rays are really useful because they show us what our bones look like inside our body, and doctors use them to check whether bones are broken.

Let's check your understanding of the second part of the lesson.

Fill in the missing word.

Lucas has fallen off his bike and hurt his leg.

His mum says they need to go to the hospital for the doctor to take an.

to see if his leg is broken.

What's the missing word that goes in the gap to make that sentence make sense? Have a think and we'll come back in a moment.

Shall we go through the answer? Lucas has fallen off his bike and hurt his leg.

His mum says they need to go to the hospital for the doctor to take an.

X-ray to see if his leg is broken.

And remember we talked earlier about how an X-ray is useful for doctors to see if bones are broken.

Let's go on to task B now.

Write down which parts of the body each X-ray is from, and why you think this.

X-ray one.

X-ray two.

X-ray three.

Look closely and feel your body to help you decide.

Let's go through some answers now.

Which part of the body is this X-ray from? Did you say it's a hand X-ray? Well, you might have written something like, I think this is an X-ray of a hand as I can see lots of bones in the wrist, and the separate bones in the fingers.

Let's look at the second X-ray now.

Where's this X-ray from? Did you write knees? You might have written something like, I think this is an X-ray of knees as it looks and feels like where the leg bones meet and can bend.

Let's look at the last X-ray now.

I think we saw an X-ray like this earlier in the lesson.

It's a.

skull X-ray, and you might have written something like, I think this is an X-ray of a skull.

It looks like a head, and I can see the jaw and teeth.

Fantastic work, scientists, well done! Let's look at the last part of the lesson now.

Why do I need a skeleton? Why do we need a skeleton? One of the jobs of the skeleton is to support the body.

Without a skeleton our body would be all floppy like this picture of a blob.

It's really important that we have a skeleton so it can hold up all the soft parts of our body.

What do you think would happen if you didn't have a skeleton? Stand up and show me or a partner what would happen if you had no skeleton? Did you fall over? It's very hard to stand up without a skeleton, isn't it? You'd be all floppy.

Let's check your understanding now.

The children are discussing whether we need a skeleton to help us stand up.

Alex says, "Bones are not joined together so I don't think my skeleton helps me to stand up." Lucas says, "I think bones are joined so my skeleton supports me to stand up." Who do you agree with and why? How did you get on? Who do you think's right? Did you say Lucas was right? Lucas is correct.

Your skeleton is made up of lots of hard bones joined together.

Your bones make a frame called a skeleton which supports your body to stand up.

Let's go on to task C now.

Fill a sandwich bag with a cupful of rice, then tie the top of your bag.

Here's a picture of my bag of rice.

Use five elastic bands, or string, to make Mr. Floppy with a head, two legs, and two arms. And here's my Mr. Floppy.

But he does not stand up.

He needs a solid and strong skeleton to support his body.

So what I want you to do is discuss which materials you think will be suitable, and then make a frame for inside the bag to create a skeleton for Mr. Floppy.

How did you get on? Did you manage to make a skeleton for Mr. Floppy? Here's a picture of some model frames.

You might have made your skeleton from straws or wood, and fastened it inside Mr. Floppy.

The solid skeleton is inside the bag to support Mr. Floppy's body.

Mr. Floppy is happy to have his skeleton back to support his body.

Now he can stand up again.

Fantastic work, scientists.

I love your Mr. Floppies.

Let's go through what we've learned in today's lesson.

Humans have skeletons which are made up of different shaped bones that are solid and strong.

X-rays are images that show us what our bones look like.

One of the roles of the skeleton is to support our body.

Now would be a great time to look back at those keywords at the start of the lesson, and explain to a partner what they mean.