Lesson video

Hello, thanks for choosing this lesson.

My name's Mr. Ballam.

Thanks for joining me.

This lesson's all around growing, rearing, and catching our food.

Let's get started.

So what are we going to learn today? What are you gonna be able to do by the end of the lesson? Well, what you're gonna be able to do is to describe the food origins of ingredients in dishes and meals.

There's a few key words I want you to think about as we go through today's lesson.

Let's have a quick look.

So the first one is the word produced, and this is the process of growing, rearing, or catching food.

The second one is processed, and this is the foods that have been grown, reared, or caught, so they've been produced, and then they're transformed into different food ingredients or dishes.

And the last one is certification and insurance schemes.

And these are schemes that ensure the food is produced and processed to high standards for safety as well as animal welfare.

So let's get started, shall we? So the first part of the lesson is all around food production and processing.

Now, all food produced, processed, sold, and consumed around the world has been grown, reared, or cooked.

And some people grow or rear food at home as well.

Around 54%, so just over half, of the food on our plates is produced in the UK, and some food cannot easily be produced in the UK due to our climate.

The remaining 46% is, therefore, imported from other countries.

Now, do you grow anything at home? Some people will grow things in their garden, or perhaps they have an allotment.

Or sometimes they just use grow bags, or they have things growing on the window sill.

And there are so many things that you can grow throughout the year.

What can you name that's grown, usually at home? And to produce our food, farmers and others will do the following types of activities.

So for example, they will grow a range of plants.

They will rear different animals, or they will catch fish or hunt game.

So remember, around 54% of our food in the UK is produced here.

The remaining comes from other countries.

So growing food involves planting or sowing, looking after and harvesting a whole variety of different plants.

And we eat different parts of a plant.

So for example, we might eat the flowers, or perhaps the fruits of a plant, or perhaps the stem, or how about legumes? So one example here is cauliflower.

Can you think of another type of plant that we might eat the flowers of? Hmm.

Yes, it could be something like broccoli.

Well done if you got that correct.

And fruits, well, apples.

And there's lots of different fruits I'm sure you can come up with this.

The list is so long, and it could be things like oranges or plums, or perhaps kiwi fruit.

And how about the stem? What does this look like? Yes, that's celery, isn't it? So we eat the stem of a plant.

Another type of stem, can you name one? Yes, asparagus is another stem that we eat.

And how about legumes? Yes, they're beans, aren't they? And there are lots of different types of beans.

How many different types of beans can you name? And I don't mean baked beans.

Yes, things like red kidney beans are a type of legume or perhaps black beans, for example, as well.

And if we look at fruits, fruits contain seeds.

So tomatoes and cucumbers are fruits, but often, we eat them as vegetables.

Can you think of any other fruits that we might eat as vegetables that contain seeds? Yes, things like courgettes are an example, or perhaps things like peppers.

So these are fruits that are part of a plant, but we often eat as vegetables.

So let's continue our look at looking at different parts of a plant.

So we eat the leaves of a plant as well and the roots of a plant.

I bet you can guess what that one is.

Or how about the bulbs of a plant, or the tubers? So can you name these with me? What's the first one, do you think? Yes, that one's quite obvious, isn't it? That's cabbage, that one.

What other leaves do we eat? Things like lettuce.

That's right.

Or perhaps pak choy.

Those are types of leaves that we might eat.

How about the roots, which is an easy one, isn't it? They're carrots.

What other types of roots might we eat? Yes, things like parsnips, for example.

That's a root as well.

Well, how about bulbs? Yes, onions are a bulb.

How about something else that's a bulb? I really like this particular bulb.

It's garlic.

So that's another type of bulb.

And tubers, well, that's things like potatoes, for example.

And plants grow in different seasons.

However, food is also imported from other countries where it is in season.

So often now, we have food available all year long, whether it's in season in the UK or not.

So let's have a quick check for understanding, shall we? So cucumbers and tomatoes are a fruit.

True or false? Yes, that's true, isn't it? And why is that? Well, that's because cucumbers and tomatoes contain seeds, so are a fruit.

Well done if you got that one correct.

So let's move on to the second part now, which is all about rearing, about raising animals for meat.

And animals are usually sent to market when they reach their slaughter weight.

So in the UK, we mostly rear these types of animals.

So the first one is we rear cattle.

We also rear sheep and also pigs.

So what meat is produced from each of these? Can you tell me? How about the first one, cattle? Yes, that's things like beef, for example.

So we produce lots of beef in the UK.

How about sheep? What meat do we get from sheep? Yes, lamb.

And sometimes we buy it as lamb as well.

And how about pigs? What meat might we get from a pig? Yes, we get pork.

Well done.

So we raise these types of animals quite a lot in the UK for those people that eat meat.

And we also rear other animals as well.

So we might rear different types of poultry, for example.

So in this photograph, there's chickens.

And also, we might rear cows, and we rear these for different reasons.

So for example, for the poultry, we might have chickens for their meat, but also for eggs that they lay.

And for cattle, dairy cows, we might raise them in order to have our milk.

So we rear animals for different reasons.

And some people don't eat meat for different ethical or religious reasons.

Now, the third part, catching our food, could include the following.

So for example, it could be fishing, or perhaps it's hunting.

So if we look at fishing, we fish for different types of fish and seafood from the sea or perhaps also rivers and lakes.

So can you name different types of fish or seafood that we might fish? How about different types of fish? Well, perhaps things like salmon or tuna or plaice.

How about things that we hunt for? So wild game is something that we might hunt for in different estates around the UK.

And often, it include things like pheasants or rabbits or venison.

So again, we catch food or hunt food in order to feed people.

It's also important to note that fish and game can also be farmed.

So let's have a quick check again, shall we? So which is correct? In the UK, we mostly rear A, B, or C.

Yes, that's A, isn't it? Pigs for pork.

But also, we also rear sheep for lamb.

Well done if you got that correct.

So the food that we've just produced, so whether it's been grown, reared, or caught, is then processed to make it edible and safe to eat.

And this processing transforms the foods that has been grown, reared, or caught into food ingredients or different dishes.

And food processing can happen at home and on a larger scale to make it edible, safe, and convenient.

So have a look at these photos here.

So it could be making bread at home, or perhaps you can see here the bread being made in a factory.

And food processing can happen on a large scale in order to feed many people across the UK and across the world too.

So processing our food can include different types of aspects.

So one of them is washing, very simple process, but really important for food safety.

Or perhaps it might be preparing the food in different ways.

So here, peeling.

So peeling could be a type of preparation.

Or perhaps canning of food.

That's type of processing too so that we can eat it later another date and it's still safe to eat.

So why do you think we wash food? And why do you think we can food? I've given you some clues already.

Yeah, so washing food is good to make it clean.

It can remove any bits of dirt or particles so that we don't eat them.

And canning food, as I've mentioned, makes sure it's safe to eat at another time.

And canned food can last a number of years, but we must always read the best-before date mark.

Other types of processing can involve pasteurising, and pasteurising uses heat in order to kill bacteria within the product.

So for example, it's often used in things like milk or perhaps orange juice as well.

Or perhaps milling, where milling is involved in taking the grains of a plant, so for example, wheat grains, and then we mill it or we we produce it, we finely grind it in order to make flour.

So it's something edible that we can use, and we might use that, for example, to make bread or biscuits or cakes.

Or perhaps freezing, and freezing helps to keep food safe and ready to use another time.

So as I've mentioned, pasteurising makes the milk safe to drink.

Other forms of processing could include drying, for example.

So here you can see apples and some apples that have been dried, and this means that they can last longer for another time.

Or perhaps juicing something.

So we might juice things like oranges or lemons or limes.

Or we might cook the food.

And that makes sense, doesn't it? So we might cook the food to add variety or to make it safe to eat as well.

So what other foods can you think of that we might dry or juice? Well, think about drying, often, we dry quite a lot of fruits and vegetables, don't we? So one example could be dried apricots, for example.

Well, how about juicing? So I've mentioned things like citrus fruits, but also apple juice is quite popular, or perhaps pineapple juice as well.

So there are lots of different types of things that we might dry and juice.

And of course, we cook lots of different foods using recipes and different cuisines around the world.

So let's have a quick check, shall we? So which food process is used to make milk safe to drink? Is it A, B, or C? Yes, that's right.

It's B, it's pasteurising.

So pasteurising makes the milk safe to drink.

Well done if you got that correct.

So now I have a task for you, and what I want you to do is to sort the following list into food production or into processing.

So have a look through the different statements, the list that's there, and move them into one side, either to the left or to the right, whatever you think is correct.

Pause the video, and then we'll go through the answers together very shortly, good luck.

Okay, so how did you get on? Let's have a look, shall we? Well, here's the answers.

So on the food production, we've got things like growing carrots or rearing chickens or catching fish.

Do you remember, they're the food production steps.

So we rear, we grow, and we catch.

So we grow, we rear, and we catch food.

And then the processing is taking those foods and processing them to make them more edible or safe to eat, for example.

So we've got canning the sweet corn, or we have making cheese,, or perhaps we have milling wheat to make flour.

And the last one, drying apricots.

So well done if you've got all those correct.

I'm sure you've done all really, really well.

So now we're gonna move on to the second part of the lesson, which is all about the origins of dishes and meals.

So the ingredients used in different dishes and meals can be traced back to their origin, and the ingredients that we're looking at would've been produced or processed to make them edible or safe to eat.

And very simple farm-to-fork chains show where the food is from and how it's been produced.

So these simple farm-to-fork chains show the different food production and processing steps that have taken place to make the food.

So let's have a look at an example, shall we? So here's a pizza, and we've got a very simple pizza here.

So we've got the cheese, we've got the tomato sauce, and we've got the pizza base.

So let's look at some simple chains about where these foods originally came from.

So if we look at cheese to start with, well, it came from a cow, but how's that? Well, it's a dairy cow.

And the dairy cows, we milk them.

So we're milking them for their milk.

And then we do the cheese-making in order to make the cheese.

So it's a very simple farm-to-fork chain where we start with the dairy cow and we end up with the cheese.

But you can see the different steps, how we've done the food production, but also the food processing.

Let's look at the tomato sauce, which is on top of the pizza.

So this will start with growing tomatoes, and then they're harvested, so they're picked.

And they might be washed and so forth, and then they're chopped.

So that's another type of food processing.

And then we would cook them, and then we would puree them, and that would end up making the tomato sauce.

So again, we start with the tomato, and it's been grown, harvested, picked, and then cooked and processed to make a delicious tomato sauce.

Let's look at the pizza base.

So that starts with the wheat, and that wheat is grown and then harvested, and then we mill the wheat.

So that's where we crush the grains to make the flour.

And then the flour is then made into a dough in order to have our pizza base.

So as you can see here, there's lots of different steps involved in those very simple farm-to-fork chains.

And this shows how the food has been produced, so how it's been grown, reared, or caught, as well as how it's been processed.

So for example, it might have been peeled or chopped or mixed, milled, or cooked, well done.

So let's see whether you've been listening to that, shall we? So which is a farm-to-fork chain for bread? Which one fits the best? Is it A, B, C, or D? Yes, that's right.

It's B, isn't it? So we have the wheat.

We then mill the wheat to have the flour.

We then mix everything together to make a dough, and then we bake it.

So it's a very simple farm-to-fork chain.

Well done if you got that correct.

We can also read food labels to show where the food comes from, so where it originates, just like these photographs here on the screen.

And the label may show the country of origin.

So for example, where it's been grown, reared, or caught.

So in these two examples here, either UK or Spain, for example.

So food labels can also help us know if something is in season.

So the food label can also show us where the food has been produced, packed, or made.

So let's have a look at these three examples.

So the first one on the left shows us that it's actually been processed in the United States of America.

The middle one shows us where it's been packed.

So that's tuna fish in a can, and that was packed in Ecuador.

And the one to the right, that rice mix has been made in the United Kingdom.

So food labels can show us where our food comes from and where it's been produced, packed, or made.

Now, you may remember, at the beginning, the key words we looked at.

One of them was about food certification and insurance schemes.

And this is just to show and help consumers know that the food has been produced or processed to a high standard of food safety and also animal welfare.

And some ingredients and foods have special labels just to show they're part of this type of food certification and insurance scheme.

So here's some examples.

You may have seen these before when you've looked at food products.

So the first one is Red Tractor, and this is something that's usually used on lots of different types of foods, and it shows that it's been produced in the UK to high standards and also good animal welfare too.

The second one you might have seen is from the Soil Association, which is the organic badge.

And this shows that the food has been produced organically.

And the last one is the Certified Sustainable Seafoods logo.

And this shows that the fish has been caught and processed more sustainably.

So these are three different types of schemes that you can look out for, and they're here to help consumers make a more informed choice.

So have you seen any of these? Have you used them before? Did you know what they meant? So let's have a quick check, shall we? So which of these food certification insurance labels is used for fish in the UK? Is it A, B, or C? Yes, that's right.

It's B, isn't it? B shows about fish in the UK being produced more sustainably, well done.

So here's another task for you.

And I want you to create some very simple farm-to-fork food chains, showing the origins of one of these sandwiches.

So think about all the ingredients that might be used to make either one of those sandwiches.

So get your pens and paper ready, pause the video, good luck, and we'll come back very soon to look at an example together.

So how did you get on? I bet you did really well.

So let's look at one example.

So remember, you only had to do one of these, but the first one was the ham and tomato sandwich.

So for example, you could have put the bread, and that might have started off with the wheat, which was milled to make flour, which was then mixed and kneaded and then baked.

And then we've got the ham.

Well, that's from pig, which then sent to market, which is slaughtered.

And then the pork meat is then cooked, and then it's sliced.

Or perhaps it's the tomato.

So the tomatoes grow on a plant, and then they're harvested, and then they're washed, and then they're sliced.

And lastly, it might be butter that you had on your sandwich, and that's from a dairy cow, which has been milked for its milk and then churned into butter.

So well done if you've got all those right.

There's lots there.

So let's look at the other example, the egg, mayonnaise, and cucumber sandwich.

Well, first of all, you would've had the bread, so that's the wheat that's been grown, harvested, then milled to make flour, and then it's mixed and kneaded and then formed and baked for bread.

And then the egg, so from a chicken, which is then laid, boiled, and then sliced.

Of course, you might have other steps in that as well.

So for example, when they're laid, it might be checked for safety.

And also, we peel the shell off the egg too.

So there's lots of different steps that you could have included.

What about the mayonnaise? Well, that's more complicated, isn't it? Because mayonnaise is made from eggs, for example, which are then separated, it's got the yolk, and then they're whisked with oil.

And of course, then where did the oil come from? So that could be another step that you look at.

And lastly, the cucumber.

So the cucumbers are grown, which is a fruit, but we eat them as a vegetable, and then we harvest them, we wash them, and then we slice them.

So there's lots of different steps involved in looking at the food chains for where our food comes from.

Well done for all your brilliant work today.

So now we're gonna move on to the third part of the lesson, which is all about modifying recipes.

So recipes can be modified for a number of different reasons, and it might be healthy eating, being a vegetarian, or perhaps the cost as well.

But recipes can also be modified for the use of different ingredients, perhaps those which are in season, for example, or perhaps from a certain country, or it might be from a local or from a farm from a particular country as well.

Or perhaps they've been produced or processed in a certain way, or perhaps they're quality-assured.

Do you remember those certification schemes? So they have a special label on them.

Do have a quick check that you've been listening.

So which of these is a reason for modifying a recipe based on the origins of the ingredients? Is it A, B, or C? Yes, it's A, isn't it? Seasonal.

Is there anything else? Yes, that's right.

It could be produced locally as well.

So these might be reasons for modifying a recipe to use ingredients that you want that are either seasonal or produced locally, well done.

So our fruits and vegetables in the UK grow, ripen, and are harvested at different times or in different seasons in the UK.

And foods that are in season are often cheaper and taste better too.

And buying seasonal food helps support local farmers and uses less energy as well.

So food that is not in season has been imported and may have come a long distance.

So you can see Lucas here is saying that he makes soup using seasonal vegetables.

So this might change in the year depending on what's seasonal.

So it might be different in the summer compared to the winter, for example.

And sometimes ingredients are used that are either local or from a particular country.

And this might be because people want to support their local farmers or producers, for example.

Or it might be that they believe the food is better, for example.

So that's their preference, is their belief.

Or perhaps they want to use traditional foods from a region or from a country.

So for example, Sam here is saying that her dad likes to buy lamb from Wales, so Welsh lamb, but likes olive oil from Italy.

So sometimes it's a choice, but there are lots of different reasons that mean you might modify your recipe of where the food comes from, where it originates.

So let's have a quick true or false.

Buying seasonal food supports local farmers, but uses more energy to produce and transport.

Is that true or false? That's right.

It's false, isn't it? And why is that? Well, less energy is used, as the food doesn't need to travel as far, and it's produced locally by farmers.

So well done if you got that one correct.

Another reason for modifying a recipe might be the way in which the food has been produced or processed.

So this might be how it's been processed, and there are different ways of farming.

So you can see the list here talking about conventionally or organically-farmed wheat, for example.

Or perhaps corn-fed chickens or indoor or free-range chickens or eggs, for example.

Or perhaps the way it's been processed, so it's been using traditional methods or perhaps minimal processing, or perhaps it just helps to save time because it's already made.

And sometimes it's down to what people believe.

And for example, Sofia here is saying that they buy and use free-range eggs because the chickens can move around more naturally.

So I've got a task here for you, and I want you to suggest how the recipe can be modified to use ingredients that are supported below.

So for example, I've done one for you already, which is about the ingredient being in season.

And that modification might be to use different seasonal vegetables.

So for example, green beans in the summer.

So that's how you would change that chicken and vegetable potato pie.

But now I want you to look at the recipe and see how you can modify it, for example, using ingredients from a certain area, so perhaps they're local or from a country, also how they've been produced or processed in a particular way.

And thirdly, if you can think about modifying it so they're using any quality-assured marks.

So pause the video, have a good go, and we'll look at an example together very shortly, good luck.

Okay, so how did you get on? Let's have a quick look together and an example, shall we? So the first one was done for you, wasn't it, in season.

So that's using different seasonal vegetables.

That's how you could change and modify that recipe.

So if it was from a certain area, you might say, well, the ingredients in that recipe, for example, the milk, the butter and the flour, I'm definitely gonna use things from the United Kingdom, for example.

You could have included the chicken for example too, or perhaps the way it's been produced or processed.

So for example, using a free-range chicken or buying whole chicken to save money and cutting it up yourself.

And lastly, perhaps it's the quality-assured marks.

Remember the different logos that we saw.

So for example, you just could look at ingredients that have the Red Tractor mark, for example.

So well done for whatever you've put.

I'm sure you did brilliantly today.

Well, I really hope you've enjoyed this lesson, and it's been great going through it with you.

We've learned so much, haven't we, about how our food is grown, reared, and caught.

So let's have a quick summary of what we've learned today.

So the first thing is that to produce our food, farmers and others grow plants, rear animals, and catch fish or game all around the world.

Also that food is produced to make it edible and safe to eat.

We also know that food certification insurance schemes show us that food has been produced and processed to a high standard of safety and also animal welfare.

We've also looked at how the ingredients in a dish and meals can be sourced back to their origins.

Do you remember the simple farm-to-fork chains that we did for the sandwiches? And also, we know that recipes can be modified to use foods that are processed or produced differently, or perhaps using foods from different countries too.

So we've learned so much today, and hope you apply this when you're looking at food in the future and making good, informed decisions too.

So thanks ever so much for joining me, and hope to see you very soon for another cooking and nutrition lesson.

Thanks ever so much.

Bye.