Hello everyone.

It's lovely to see you here today.

My name's Dr.

Clayton, and I'm here to guide you through your learning journey today.

Welcome to today's lesson.

The lesson is called Consolidating our Understanding of the Plot of "The Tempest".

We're going to be using the plot of The Tempest as our foundation to consider how the play deals with certain key themes.

The keywords that we'll be using in our learning today are injustice, power, exploitation, inequality, and torment.

The definitions for our keywords are appearing on your screen now.

These words will help you unlock the learning for today, and you'll see them throughout the material.

They'll be identified in bold and I'll try to point them out to you as well if you can try to use these words in your discussions and written work today.

So we have three learning cycles in our lesson today.

For our first learning cycle, we're going to make sure we're feeling confident about what the plot of The Tempest is before we start thinking about how we can apply our understanding of the plot to key themes.

For our second learning cycle, we're going to look at the theme of power.

This is a theme that is the heart of not only The Tempest, but also most of Shakespeare's work and indeed literary works as a whole.

Power dynamics are what drive characters to develop in certain ways, what drives the development of the plot.

The theme of power also offers an umbrella to consider our keyword concepts of injustice, exploitation, inequality and torment because one person having power over another is what causes these concepts.

For our third learning cycle, we're going to look at the theme of magic.

We're going to look at the context around magic in Shakespeare's time, but also consider how magic is at the root of conversations about power.

Since magic is what gives Prospero his power in The Tempest.

So what I'd like you to start off by doing is thinking about what you can initially remember about what happens in The Tempest.

So is there a certain character you remember or a certain plot detail? Pause the video and take a few moments to consider.

Amazing, some great ideas there.

Like Sam, you might remember that a magician took over the island that magician's name is Prospero, and he arrived on the island of his infant daughter Miranda.

And Sam is right to say he took over, since he assumed control over those who already lived there, such as Ariel and Caliban and enslaved them and made them carry out his orders.

Like Jacob, you might remember that Prospero came to the island because his brother Antonio usurped the Dukedom of the land from Prospero.

Now usurp means to take something by force, so his brother took by force the Dukedom of land the from Prospero and therefore Prospero was forced to flee.

As you can see, ideas about power already emerging through our recollections of the plot.

Like Laura, you might remember the Prospero had the chance to take revenge on those who wronged him, since he had them trapped with his magic, but he chose to forgive them instead.

Finally, like Sophia, you might remember something about Ariel's role.

When he arrived on the island, Prospero freed Ariel from a magical enchantment where they're imprisoned in a tree, but then Prospero demanded that Ariel serve him and perform magical tasks for him.

Again, we can begin to see here how magic and power intertwined.

Let's just recap the main events in The Tempest.

The Tempest opens with a storm that shipwrecks a boat carrying King Alonso and his companions, which includes Antonio, Duke of Milan, and Alonzo's son Ferdinand.

This storm was caused by Prospero who asked a servant Ariel to create the storm.

Prospero and his daughter Miranda are watching the storm and subsequent shipwreck from the island, here, Prospero tells Miranda their history for the first time.

We learned that Prospero used to be the Duke of Milan until his brother, Antonio, usurped him and took control, banishing Prospero and his infant daughter in the process.

The shipwrecked passengers are scattered across the island, which is all part of Prospero's plan because he had different plans for each of them.

One of those plans includes Alonzo's son Ferdinand.

Prospero caused the meeting between Ferdinand and Miranda and they fall in love at first sight.

Of King, he ends up in a party with Antonio, the Duke of Milan, Sebastian, Alonso's brother and Gonzalo, an advisor.

Now Ariel puts all of the party to sleep, except for Antonio and Sebastian.

They then plot to kill Alonso, since Sebastian had take his place on the throne, Shakespeare lightly did this to confirm to the audience that Antonio is a bad character after already stealing Prospero's Dukedom.

Before Antonio and Sebastian can kill Alonso, Ariel wakes up Gonzalo and the plot is stopped.

Two other characters in the ship are Stephano and Trinculo.

They find Caliban and Caliban decides he'd rather serve Stephano than Prospero.

So the three of them plot to kill Prospero.

Ariel overhears the plan and it's thwarted before they can carry it out.

Finally, Prospero gathers all the characters together so he can say he forgives his enemies.

Miranda and Ferdinand get married, Prospero frees Ariel, and gives up his magic before returning to Milan.

Now for a quick check for understanding.

Which two of the following are true of The Tempest? Is it A, Ariel is Prospero's master, B, Ariel is Prospero's servant C, Prospero gives up his magic at the end of the play, or D, Prospero remains a magician at the end of the play? Pause the video and make your selections now.

The correct answers are that B, Ariel is Prospero's servant, and C, Prospero gives up his magic at the end of the play.

So very well done if you selected those answers.

You're all doing really well so far everyone, we're onto our first task of the lesson.

What I'd like you to do is use the main plot points of The Tempest to answer the following questions, which characters have faced injustice in The Tempest? Remember, the injustice means a situation where people are treated unfairly.

So which characters do you think have been treated unfairly by others? Which character has the most power in The Tempest? So consider which character is able to control not only other characters, but also the events of the play.

Finally, which characters are exploited in The Tempest? Remember, if you exploit someone, you're using them unfairly for your own advantage.

So which characters do you think have been used for someone else's advantage in The Tempest? Pause the video and take a few moments to consider.

Amazing, that's some great ideas there.

For the first question you might have said that arguably Prospero himself has faced injustice, since his brother usurped his rightful position as the Duke of Milan.

However, Prospero has then caused injustice by forcing Ariel and Caliban to serve him on the island.

This is heightened by the fact we know Ariel desires their freedom and yet Prospero refuses to give it to them until the end of the play and Prospero threatens Caliban with physical violence in order to get Caliban to obey him.

For the second question, you might have said that arguably Prospero has the most power, since he is the character with the most control and is able to influence other characters, as well as the course events within the play.

He is the one who began the whole sequence of events by having Ariel create the storm that shipwrecked the other characters on the island, and he's completely in control of the actions when they are on the island.

Finally, for the third question you might have said, the Prospero exploits Ariel and Caliban since he uses them for his own advantage, while he forces them to perform tasks that will benefit him.

He forces Ariel to perform magical tasks and he also forces Caliban to perform physical tasks for him.

You're all doing amazingly well everyone.

We're now into our second learning cycle.

We're gonna delve a little deeper into the theme of power within The Tempest.

We're gonna begin by considering the concept of wanting power.

The desire for power is a theme that runs through most of Shakespeare's work.

What I'd like you to do is think back to the plot and consider where we can see people desiring power.

Pause the video and take a few moments to consider.

Amazing, heard some great ideas there.

Like Lucas, you might have remembered that Caliban's brother stole his Dukedom and then tried to kill the King of Naples as well, all because he desired more power for himself.

This fits with many of Shakespeare's other plays, where the desire for power corrupts and overalls morality, and causes people to commit awful acts and crimes in order to try and gain more power.

Like Izzy, you might have remembered that Caliban plots to kill Prospero with Stephano and Trinculo, because he wants to take back some control and have power rather than being powerless and controlled.

As well as the desire for power, Shakespeare is also particularly interested in the misuse of power.

A misuse of power is where it's used to take unjust advantage.

What I'd like to think about is where can we see characters misusing power in The Tempest? Pause the video and take a few moments to consider.

Amazing, some great ideas there.

Like Sam, you might have thought, the Prospero misuses his power by exploiting Ariel and Caliban.

He creates an unjust and unequal society on the island, which feels particularly unfair since Ariel and Caliban lived on the island before Prospero and therefore he is the one who's invading their space and taking over.

So we've considered how Prospero misuses his power.

Can you think of a moment where Prospero uses power for good though? Pause the video and take a few moments to consider.

Amazing some great ideas there.

Like Jacob, you might have thought that Prospero does do some good with his power when he decides to forgive those who wronged him at the end of the play, as well as freeing Ariel.

We know he's the most powerful character and he was in control of everyone, so he could have easily chosen to seek revenge rather than forgiveness, and he could have kept Ariel under his control forever, but he chooses not to.

Now, for a quick check for understanding, which two of the following statements are true? Is it A, Shakespeare often wrote about power, B, Shakespeare rarely wrote about power.

C, Prospero takes control of the island and its inhabitants, or D, Caliban takes control of the island and its inhabitants.

Pause the video and make your selections now.

The correct answers are the A, Shakespeare often wrote about power and C, Prospero takes control of the island and its inhabitants.

So very well done if you selected those answers, We're now gonna think about how we can take the information we've just covered and write about it in a concise way in the form of a summary.

A summary is a brief statement that presents the main points of a text in a concise way.

What I'd like you to think about is why might being able to write a good summary be important for your educational journey? Pause the video and take a few moments to consider.

Amazing, heard some great ideas there.

Like Aisha, you might have thought that writing a summary helps us to focus on the main ideas of a text.

A text is a very long piece of literature, and a summary is a great way of really distilling it down to its most important parts.

Like Jacob, you might also have thought that writing a summary helps to remember the information.

Working with information and processing it in different ways and into different forms allows our brains to move the information into a long-term memory.

Now for a quick check for understanding.

Which two of the following statements are true of summaries? Is it A, they present the secondary points of a text, B, they present the main points of a text, C, they don't help you remember information or D, they do help you remember information, pause the video and make your selections now.

The correct answers are B, they present the main points of a text and D, they do help you remember information.

Summaries are designed to create a concise version of the text that displays the most important information.

So they present the main points.

By transforming the text into a summary, this very act of transformation helps you remember the information because it helps to move the information into our long-term memories.

So how do you write a summary? You can distil the information down into the following five essential parts.

So if we take the character of Ariel and the theme of power as example, the who or what is Ariel? What did Ariel do or will do? Well, Ariel was freed from an enchantment by Prospero and then made to serve Prospero.

When did this happen? Ariel is under Prospero's control from the beginning of the play right until the end when they are freed.

Where did it happen, it happened on the island.

And finally, how did this happen? It happened because Prospero has superior magic to Ariel.

As you can see, this table can be used for any kind of text, whether that's fiction or nonfiction.

Now let's think about how we can take that information from the table and turn it into a written summary we might turn the information into.

In The Tempest, Ariel has little power over their actions.

We learned that they were freed from an enchantment on the island by Prospero and kept under his control through his magic since then.

Finally, at the end of the play, Ariel is freed by Prospero.

Here we have the who, since the opening sentence tells us the focus is on Ariel, it tells us what's happened to Ariel is that they were freed by Prospero and then controlled by him.

It tells us when this occurred and then it tells us where this occurred.

And finally it explains how it happened by stating that Prospero controlled Ariel through his magic.

You're all doing really well, everyone.

For your second task of the lesson, what I'd like you to do is take what we just learned and put it into practise by using the template below.

Create a summary sentence of Prospero's power in The Tempest.

So the who is Prospero, what did he do? Well, he took control of the island by enslaving and exploiting Ariel in Caliban.

When did this happen, it happens from the beginning to the end of the play.

Where, well it was on the island and how, was through his magic.

So pause the video and take a few minutes to create your summaries.

Amazing, fantastic work everyone.

You might have said, Prospero displays his power by arriving on the island and immediately enslaving and exploiting the inhabitants, Caliban and Ariel through his magic.

Prospero keeps his magic from the beginning to the end of the play.

This shows Prospero as the most powerful character on the island.

Here the summary lets us know the who.

By opening it with the name Prospero.

It informs us he displays his power and exploits the inhabitants.

So it's telling us what he did.

It tells us this happens from the beginning to the end of the play.

So that's the when, it tells us it happens on the island.

So that's the where and it tells he does this through his magic and because he's the most powerful character on the island, which is the how.

Amazing, you're all doing really well everyone.

We're now into a final learning cycle of the lesson where we're going to consider the theme of magic.

We're gonna think about the context of magic in Shakespearean times, but also how it fits with a theme of power.

Now, when we say the context of magic, we mean what information is useful to know about magic? So in Shakespeare's time, people believed in witches, spirits and magic.

Specifically, they feared magic and thought it was responsible for all the bad deeds and bad luck in their lives.

In 1592, parliament passed the Witchcraft Act, which defined witchcraft as a crime punishable by death.

In terms of how a court determined whether someone was a witch, they would often look for a witch mark on the suspect's body, which would've been supposedly left by the devil.

Or possibly the most well-known way was a trial by water, a suspect would be tied up and thrown into a pond or a lake.

If they sank, it was said the water accepted them and therefore they were probably not a witch.

But if they floated, the water was said to reject them and they were presumed to be a witch.

If they were found guilty, they were often killed by hanging.

Though we generally think of women being accused of being a witch, some men were as well.

The last known execution took place in Devon in 1685.

Now, some of you might know that King James The First financed and supported Shakespeare's Theatre Company and the first performance of The Tempest was for him.

He himself was particularly interested in witchcraft and even wrote a book called "The Demonology".

Let's focus now specifically on the use of magic in The Tempest.

What I'd like you to think about is how is magic used in The Tempest? Can you remember if it's used for good or for evil? Pause the video and take a few moments to consider.

Amazing, some great ideas there.

Like Aisha, you might remember that Prospero uses magic control other characters and forces Ariel to use his magic to create bad events like the storm as well.

This very much would've played into people's fears that magic could be used to negatively influence them and their lives.

Like Alex, you might have remembered the specifically Prospero's use of magic creates an unfair situation, as used to control other people and torment them, which means to cause severe suffering.

Remember that Prospero and Ariel are the only characters who are able to perform magic.

The other characters are completely powerless against magic, which again would've played into contemporary fears about magic.

Nav for a quick check for understanding.

Which two of the following statements are true? Is it A, magic was celebrated in Shakespeare's time.

B, magic was illegal in Shakespeare's time.

C, magic is used to harm others in The Tempest, or D, magic is used to help others in The Tempest? Pause the video and make your selections now.

Correct answers are B, that magic was illegal in Shakespeare's time, and C, magic is used to harm others in The Tempest.

So very well done if you selected those answers.

You're all doing amazingly well everyone.

We're onto our final task of the lesson.

What I'd like you to do is imagine you're living in Shakespeare's time.

Why do you think you might be scared of witches and magic, and how might that affect your feelings towards the character Prospero? What you might think about is what kind of events do you think people associated with magic? And remember that Prospero is a magician who uses magic to control others.

How might that affect the audience's feelings towards him? Pause the video and take a few minutes to consider.

Amazing, some fantastic ideas there.

Like Jun, you might have said that people would probably associate every bad thing that happened, like illness or bad luck with magic.

We have to remember that people in Shakespeare's time were incredibly religious and also didn't have the advantage of modern technology to explain certain phenomena.

So anything bad that happened would've been associated with the devil and therefore, with witchcraft.

Like Andeep, you might also have said, it would make you feel nerves to Prospero because his magic makes him powerful and dangerous.

It's most likely the reason that Prospero had to give up his magic at the end of the play, otherwise, he wouldn't have been able to have a happy ending as he would've remained too dangerous.

You all did really well today everyone.

Here's a summary of what we covered.

Prospero is the most powerful character.

Prospero exploits Ariel and Caliban and forces them to work for him.

Magic was feared and illegal in Shakespeare's time, and magic is used to control characters in The Tempest.

I hope you enjoyed today's lesson everyone, goodbye.