Hello scientists.

My name is Mr. Wilshire, and in this lesson we are going to be looking at components and simple circuits.

Let's dive straight into the lesson.

Our outcome for today is I can build and test a range of simple circuits using common components.

There's some key words for our lesson as well.

The first word is circuit, then component.

Next up, cell, then battery, and finally, terminal.

Don't worry if you're not too sure what some of these mean.

The definitions are on the screen for you to have a look now.

You can pause the video here and continue when you're ready.

As we go through the lesson, the meanings of some of these words should become clear to you as we go.

Let's dive straight in.

The first part of our lesson is called circuits and components.

Now electricity and circuits are everywhere and they're a part of most of our daily lives.

Do you know where you use electricity and electrical circuits each day? Pause the video, have a quick discussion and restart when you are ready.

Now, electricity flows safely all around us.

It allows us to heat and light our homes and to use appliances where we need them.

You can see three examples here of some home lighting, a plug connected to a mains electricity, and a fridge.

One of them lights our homes.

The other operates pretty much everything in our house and also the fridge keeps our food cool and fresh.

Electrical circuits are found in the electrical appliances that we rely on each day.

I wonder what electrical appliances you have used today.

Pause the video and have a quick think.

What kind of appliances have you used? Well, you may have used one or maybe all of these.

The first one is a hair dryer.

You might have plugged it in to dry your hair this morning.

The next is a mobile phone.

You may have used it to play a game, watch a video, or contact somebody that you know.

Finally, there's a games console there.

I wonder if you've played a quick game before doing anything this morning? All of those appliances need a circuit to enable them to work, either a circuit that is running through the house to then go through the plug socket or they're gonna have a little circuit board inside them that operates it.

Little bit like this one here that I've got out of a computer.

This circuit here has lots of tiny components to it.

Lots of tiny little wires and tiny little parts that all work together to make sure that the appliance runs and operates.

I wonder if you've got anything similar in some of the appliances that you use in your home.

Izzy wants to build an electrical circuit, hmm.

I can see some pictures of different components at the bottom there.

Alex says, "You are going to need some components to build a circuit," A little bit like those ones.

But Izzy says that she can't remember what components are.

Look, the basic elements of an electrical circuit are called components.

I wonder if you can identify any of these components there.

Pause the video and have a look at those pictures.

Have a think in a discussion.

Do you know the names of all of those? Well done, I'm sure some of the discussions that you had were identifying some of what these components could be.

Let's see if you've got all of those correct.

Some of the components in a simple circuit could be these ones in pictures, but you may have also mentioned some different ones that weren't there.

There's a picture of a battery all by itself.

Remember when we talk about circuits, a battery by itself like that that we would call a battery is actually called a cell.

You would have multiple cells to make up a battery.

There's also a bulb inside a bulb holder.

Now the bulb needs to be inside the bulb holder there so that it can continue the circuit.

You can then attach a wire to either side and that is a lot easier than connecting a bulb onto wires.

There's also a wire covered in that rubber or plastic coating, and there's two crocodile clips attached to either end.

There's a buzzer as well.

There's a red and a black wire coming outta there because you need to know which way round the buzzer is connected, otherwise it won't work.

There's a motor too, the motor needs to be connected the correct way around to make it spin in the right direction.

If you connect the wires the opposite way round, it'll spin in the opposite direction.

There's also a switch there.

There's a very simple on and off switch that flicks up and down, but some switches you get can be very complicated, can't they? Let's pause and think here.

Which component is shown in the photograph? Cast your mind back to what we've just discussed and see if you can remember what that is.

Is it a wire, a buzzer, a motor, or is it a bulb? Pause the video and restart when you've had your chat.

The answer here is a buzzer.

It's a tiny plastic black box with grills in and it can make a lot of noise.

Let's pause and think again.

Which component is shown in the photograph? Is it a switch, a buzzer, a motor, or is it a cell? While you're thinking, have a think about how you would attach wires to this component as well.

Pause the video and restart when you are ready.

The component here is a switch.

There's an on and an off sticker so you know exactly which way round you need to put it, and you would need to connect the wires into the little holes above and below.

There will be metal contacts below there that would enable it to turn on and off.

Which component is shown in the photograph here? Hmm I wonder, is it a motor, a wire, a switch, or is it a cell? The component here is a cell.

Remember, a cell is one single one of these all by itself.

Multiple cells together will make a battery.

So here's the first task for our lesson, task A.

The first part is to practise building some simple electrical circuits.

Think here you need to plan your circuit using the picture cards of the different components.

Then place the components on a whiteboard and draw the lines to join them together.

The lines here are going to be the wires.

Number two, now build the circuit to see if it works.

So there's two parts to this task here.

You need to have a go drawing it, theorise and think what is this circuit going to look like and how is it going to work? The second part there is challenging you to build the circuit to make sure that it works.

Let's look at some of the picture prompts that are going to help you.

You can plan your simple circuit using these different picture cards or the different components.

Izzy says that she's going to choose a buzzer because she wants her circuit to make a noise.

Hmm, well, you decide what your circuit is going to be and if you think it's gonna make a noise, make something light up, or is it gonna make something move.

Best of luck, restart the video when you've done that.

Your circuit plan might have looked a little something like this.

I can see a cell, a switch, and a buzzer there.

Izzy has definitely made a circuit that's going to make some noise.

She's made sure that the wire goes from one end all the way through the switch, through the buzzer and then out the other side as well.

Remember, with a buzzer, you do need to make sure that it's the correct way round or otherwise it won't work.

I wonder if you found that when you completed part two of this task? Here, Izzy knows that the circuit worked because the buzzer was very loud.

Yeah, she's correct there isn't she? And made sure that the red end of the buzzer is going to the positive end of the battery to ensure that it works.

Let's flow straight into the next part of our lesson.

This is called the flow of electricity.

Now, Izzy says not all of her circuits worked when she tried them.

I wonder if you can explain what was wrong with each of these circuits.

There's circuit one, circuit two, and circuit three.

Hmm, have a good look at those circuits and discuss what's wrong.

Why haven't they worked? Restart the video when you've done that.

Hopefully you've had a good discussion about why each of these circuits didn't work.

Just by looking at the first one, I'm not sure that she's included any sort of power source.

Circuit two, looks like there's a break and circuit three looks, well, I can't see that there's a flow of electricity there.

Let's move on and find out more.

Have a think about these different rules here.

Which of these rules help to explain why Izzy's circuits didn't work? All electrical circuits need to have a cell or a battery, wires for the electricity to flow through, a device such as a bulb, buzzer, or motor so that we know that the circuit is working, all components connected correctly with no breaks in the circuit.

Well, I've had a quick think about some of these components in the previous slide, so you have a discussion now, which of these rules have been broken, which means that the circuit isn't going to work.

Restart the video when you've done that.

Now Izzy follows the rules and can explain why her circuits did not work just like you've done in that last discussion.

This circuit here has no cell.

I wonder if you spotted that there was no cell there.

It's just a wire connected to another wire and then a buzzer in the middle.

This circuit is incomplete because the wire is not connected.

Yeah, it looks good, but there's a break isn't there? So the electricity is not going to be able to flow very well, and finally, this circuit is not wired up correctly.

Did you spot the reason why it's not wired up correctly? Both ends of the wire are connected to the positive end of the battery, so there's going to be no flow.

Remember, the circuit needs to be a constant flow like a circle.

These children here are discussing what they already know about simple circuits, Alex, Andeep, Izzy, and Sam.

Alex says, "Electricity flows through the wires around the circuit." Izzy said that, "Wires are made of metal and are then covered in plastic." Andeep says, "Some wires have little clips on the end called crocodile clips." And Sam says, "A bulb gives us light, a buzzer makes a sound, and a motor makes something turn or spin." I wonder if you can add anything else that you already know here.

Alex is correct, electricity will flow through the wires around the circuit.

Remember, it doesn't need to be in a circuit, doesn't it, going around.

Some wires have little clips on the end called crocodile clips.

Yeah, you need to squeeze them to make sure that they clamp on to the end of the component.

Izzy says that, "Wires are made of metal and then covered up in plastic." Plastic is a very good insulator, isn't it? That means that we're not going to get an electric shock if we touch the wire.

And Sam is correct about bulbs, buzzers, and motors there.

So have a think now as well.

Is there anything else that you already know? Pause the video and discuss, restart when you've done that.

Let's see if some of your discussions come up in the rest of these slides.

I wonder if anything else that you know is fact as well.

When a circuit is complete, electricity can flow around the circuit and it can make components work.

Alex says, "Remember an electrical circuit must have a cell or a battery," of course, yeah, or otherwise there's not gonna be any power source, is there? When we have one of these units, it's called a cell, but when we've got more than one, multiple cells, working together, we call it a battery.

Izzy wants to learn more about how electricity can flow around a circuit and make components work.

Izzy says, "So does that mean that electricity is stored in the cell or battery and flows out when everything is connected?" Hmm, she's not quite right here.

So Izzy asks her older sister to explain what happens.

Here's Izzy's sister and she says electricity passes around a circuit when a cell or battery gives a push to start the flow of electricity.

Now the cell or battery will give a push to start the movement or flow of electricity in this case.

Once you've connected up the wires, there is somewhere for it to go.

It doesn't mean that there's somebody in the little cell pushing all the electricity out.

Once you connect those wires up, it opens up and it's allowed then to flow.

The electricity can flow all the way down the wire.

Cells and batteries have got two ends called terminals.

One of them is positive and one of them is negative.

The negative is usually the flat end and the positive is usually the little bumpy end at the other side.

Electricity flows from the positive terminal to the negative terminal of the cell or battery.

You can see there with a bulb connected up, the wires are able to help the flow of electricity through the bulb and then back out the other side.

The flow of electricity is pushed by the cell or battery through the wires to the other components in the circuit in that case.

Just like cells, all components have two terminals where the component is connected to the rest of the circuit.

Here is a buzzer.

For a buzzer, the negative terminal here is black and the positive terminal is red, and you would get this in all kinds of circuits in your home as well.

Inside plugs or other devices that need to be plugged in, there will be different colour wires that have a positive and a negative.

There will also be a third called an earth.

You wouldn't have an earth in a simple circuit that you would use in school because you're not using that much power when you are turning on your circuits.

Whereas in a home, the electricity that you get is very, very powerful and it needs to be regulated.

The third wire in the plug, that third pin, the longest one at the top is there to help regulate that electricity.

So buzzers will only work if a positive terminal is connected to the positive terminal of the cell or battery.

So which of these drawings show complete circuits, A, B, or C? Pause the video and have a think.

Restart when you've done that, the complete circuit here is A and B.

C is not complete because well have a look at those crocodile clips.

True or false, electricity is stored within cells and batteries.

The answer here is false.

It's not stored within the cell or batteries.

So let's justify our answer.

Which of these statements is correct? The answer here is B.

The cell or battery will give the push to start the movement or flow of electricity.

What's the name of the part of the battery which the arrow is pointing at? Is it the negative end, the positive terminal, the positive end, or the negative terminal? The answer here is the positive terminal.

In which direction does electricity flow in a circuit? Is it from the positive to the negative, the negative to the positive, or does it depend on how you connect the components? The answer here is A, from the positive to the negative.

That energy, that electricity is given the push from the battery and that flows through the circuit.

So here's task B in our lesson.

Part one asks you to draw a label diagram of a simple circuit.

You need to show the terminals on a cell and the direction of flow of electricity.

Pause the video here and have a go doing that.

Restart when you've done it.

Let's take a look at what yours could have looked like.

I can see there that there's a cell inside a cell holder, in this case.

There's a crocodile clip going to a wire, another crocodile clip connecting to the buzzer and then coming out the other side again.

They've also labelled the positive terminal because then that's going to show us the flow of electricity.

The arrows that are going around the outside are showing how it's been flowing.

Let's jump into the second part.

Model electricity flowing around a circuit.

Now you need to work as a group here, ask some people to help you work.

You're going to need a marble or a small ball.

One person will be a cell and the other one will be a buzzer.

Everyone else will be the wires.

Follow the instructions then on the next slide.

You need to share your ideas here about how this model helps you to understand what's happening in a circuit for electricity to flow.

Now model the electricity flowing around a circuit.

One person is going to be the cell and should label their right hand with a positive symbol and their left hand with a negative.

All stand in a circle and gently jiggle the marble.

The cell should pass their marble to the person on their right.

Everyone now has to pass on their marble to the person on their right, and as long as the cell keeps passing on the marbles, everyone else has to do this too.

Remember, the cell is the one that gives the push.

When the cell stops passing marbles, everyone should stop too, but keep jiggling their marble.

When marbles are being passed, the buzzer should buzz.

That is when the marble goes through that buzzer.

When marbles are not being passed, the buzzer should not buzz, have a go passing marbles and then get buzzing.

Restart when you've done that.

Here's some examples of how you could have shared some ideas about what was happening in your circuits you've represented.

"The flow of electricity was always from the positive to the negative terminal of the cell." "I understand how electricity flow is represented by the moving marbles.

The only flow when a cell or battery gives them a push." "The buzzer only made a noise when the battery pushed to make the electricity flow." You may have thought of some different ideas there as well.

Whatever it is that you've gathered from that quick activity, hopefully you've got a good understanding of how electricity flows.

Let's summarise our lesson.

The basic elements of an electrical circuit are called components.

A complete electrical circuit is made when all components are connected together correctly and there are no breaks in the circuit.

A flow of electricity moves from the positive terminal to the negative terminal of the cell or battery, and the flow of electricity is pushed by the cell or battery through the wires and other components in the circuit.

Well, now that we've flowed our way through all of that lesson, hopefully you've got a better understanding of how electricity can flow.

Remember, the sale will push the electricity around the circuit from the positive terminal in the battery.

You can then use this knowledge in maybe creating some of your own circuits and maybe create some circuits of your own that could be helpful or complete a job for you.

Whatever you get up to in the future, the best of luck to you.

I've been Mr. Wilshire, thank you very much for listening.