Lesson video

Hello everyone.

My name is Ms. Madden.

And in today's lesson, we are going to do some quick revision on spelling and then focus on grammar.

Let's get started.

In this lesson, we will begin with the spelling warm-up, then we will recap our understanding of prepositions.

Next, we will develop our knowledge of prepositions further and finally apply our knowledge of prepositions.

In this lesson, you will need an exercise book or some paper, a pencil or pen to write with and your thinking brain.

Press pause and get those things now.

Let's start with us spelling warm-up, choose the correct spelling, from each group.

Nutritious, it was a very nutritious meal.

Cautious, she was very cautious when entering the crime scene.

Parliament, many important decisions are taken in parliament.

Spacious, the room was very spacious.

Delicious, it was a delicious meal.

Necessary, practise is necessary to get better.

Okay, you can press pause and choose the correct spelling, or you could write down the correct spelling for each word and then check.

Let's now check together.

Nutritious, now did you notice that we had a lot of tious words in today's spellings? You may have remembered that T-I-O-U-S, tious words, often link to words where the related word ended with T-I-O-N, nutrition.

We talk about nutrition or something being nutritious.

So if you know it ended in T-I-O-N, nutrition, that will help you remember that nutritious is T-I-O-U-S.

Cautious, here's another example of the same.

Have caution! Caution ends in T-I-O-N and cautious is T-I-O-U-S.

Okay, we have a tricky word we just have to learn.

Parliament, it can help to say it how it sounds, parliament, parliament.

Copy me, parliament.

That's how we spell parliament.

Spacious, so look this one's a different spelling of the cious.

This is a trickier rule, but often if the root word in C-E, then we use C-I-O-U-S.

So you probably remember how to spell the word space, and that might help you remember it's got a C in it, spacious.

Delicious is another example of C-I-O-U-S.

This is a bit tricky because the root word is actually French, delis.

So we just need to learn that one, delicious.

And finally, another really tricky word, necessary.

One C two S's different people have different ways of remembering necessary, which letters to double.

Some people say you have one collar, that's the C, one collar and two sleeves for the two S's.

One collar for the one C and two sleeves.

And then you've also got that ary, necessary.

We could say, necessary.

That sounds really quite strange.

I'm not sure if that would help, necessary, necessary.

So, did you get all of those, right? Don't worry.

If you didn't, I've deliberately chosen difficult ones.

Write down any that you need to learn and you can practise them more, later in the day.

Now let's recap prepositions.

Can you remember the definition of a preposition? A preposition links a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase to some other word in a sentence.

Her positions often tell us, something takes place.

What phrases we're missing? Prepositions often tell us where the place when the time or why the cause something takes place.

Remember this image is nice.

It gives us examples of preposition of place, which one? Which image am I talking about? The Apple is on the book.

Can you point to it? Ready to point to the next one? The Apple is behind the book.

Well done.

These are examples of prepositions of place.

And we had prepositions of time.

These prepositions in, on and at, those are just three prepositions that can be used to describe time.

It can also be used to explain location.

But if we're thinking about time, we could talk about, in the 80s when I was born.

Or in July, when it's hot.

We could talk about, on my birthday or what I plan to do, on the weekend.

Or when we talk about something very specific, we often use at, at 7:00 AM this morning, I got up.

At 12 o'clock or at noon, I will eat my lunch.

Sometimes we use different prepositions and often the easiest way to tell which one is correct, is by to say it is by saying it aloud.

So, let's practise.

Are these prepositions of place, time, or cause? I will meet you by the postbox.

First, you need to identify the preposition and then decide which it is.

He woke up because of his alarm.

My bedtime is at 9:30.

Remember, prepositions link a noun, a pronoun or noun phrase to some other word, it's that linking word.

So you need to press pause, identify the preposition, and then decide if it's a place, time or cause.

I will meet you by the postbox, that's a place it means near the postbox.

He woke up because of his alarm.

That's 'cause it tells us why he woke up.

My bedtime is at 9:30 PM.

That's time, it's telling us about the time.

Now I'm going to read you two sentences and you need to decide which preposition completes both sentences.

The boy hid, the pillar.

They put the matter, them.

Could it be, under, between, behind or next to? You're going to need to say, both sentences aloud and check if the preposition you have chosen makes sense in both sentences.

Press pause and do this now.

Let's check.

The boy hid, behind the pillar.

They put the matter behind them.

It means they've forgotten about it, they've moved on.

So, the boy hid behind the pillar or they put the matter behind them.

That's a metaphorical use.

Now we're going to develop our knowledge of prepositions further.

What we're going to do next is really quite tricky.

So get ready to think hard.

But if you do find it difficult, don't worry.

You can always watch the lesson twice.

We're going to need to remember some of our key vocabulary because we'll be using it.

Noun, verb and adverb.

What did those words mean? Press pause and say it aloud.

A noun, is a person, place or thing.

A verb is a doing or being word.

And an adverb describes a verb.

That's going to be really helpful for our learning in this next section.

So the first thing we're going to do, is think about, whether an identified word is a preposition or an adverb.

Because sometimes the same word could be a preposition or an adverb.

It can be hard to tell.

So work this out, we have to look at what it's doing in the sentence.

Remember, prepositions need an object after it, they link and noun a pronoun or noun phrase.

That's their job.

They link to noun, pronouns or noun phrases.

I walked down the hill.

So that preposition is explaining about the hill.

I walked down the hill.

Can you see, I've got the hill, my noun, after.

However, adverbs typically become, the adverbs typically come before or after a verb.

Because what's an adverb job? It describes the verb.

So our adverbs are linked to a verb.

Let's look at another example, The teacher told us to sit down.

What's down doing in this sentence? It's describing how we are sitting.

It's describing the verb.

But that way we know it in this sentence, down is an adverb.

Prepositions need an object after it.

For example, what? Adverbs typically come before or after a, what? Can you remember? Prepositions make an object go after it? For example, a noun or a pronoun.

Adverbs typically come before or after a, verb.

That's the information that's going to help you.

But there's more challenge.

Sometimes the same word could be a preposition or a subordinating conjunction.

So how can we tell the difference? Remember, prepositions need an object after it.

Like a noun or a pronoun.

She arrived at the shop before 8:00 AM this morning.

So there my word before is a preposition.

It's linked to this noun phrase, 8:00 AM this morning.

But you'll know that before can also be a subordinating conjunction.

Subordinating, conjunctions need a clause after them.

He arrived at the shop before the doors opened.

Before is now a subordinating conjunction.

Where is the clause? Before the doors opened.

Because remember a clause needs a verb.

There is my verb, opened.

So here are my two different uses of before.

She arrived at the shop before 8:00 AM this morning, that's when before is a preposition.

Or he arrived at their shop before the doors opened, that time before, is there subordinating conjunction.

So those are two tricky examples of telling the difference between a preposition and an adverb and a preposition and a subordinating conjunction.

Let's have a go at applying this knowledge.

Take your time.

First of all, let's see if we can identify whether the word is a preposition or an adverb.

The word outside can be either an adverb or a preposition.

Identify how it has been used in each sentence.

She drew outside of the lines.

You need to go outside.

Press pause and identify which one is which.

if you're finding this tricky, remember adverbs describe the verb.

Prepositions need to be linked to a noun, pronoun or noun phrase.

Press pause and have a go.

Drew outside of the lines, that's a preposition.

Outside is linking to, of the lines.

You need to go outside.

That is an adverb.

Because outside is telling us about the verb, where we are going.

Now let's try the other kind, preposition or subordinating conjunction.

The word after can be either a subordinating conjunction or a preposition.

Identify how it has been used in each sentence.

I ran out into the street after I had finished my dinner.

The gates are closed after 5:00 PM.

Press pause and say, which is which.

If you're finding it tricky, remember subordinating conjunction links to a clause with a verb.

Preposition, links to a noun, pronoun or noun phrase.

Press pause and try and work out, which is which.

Did you spot it? Number one, after is a subordinating conjunction and here, I've highlighted it with the subordinate clause.

After I had finished my dinner.

And then number two, after is a preposition because it links to the time and noun.

Here's another example, is this a preposition or subordinating conjunction? The word before, can be either a subordinating conjunction or a preposition.

Can you identify how it has been used in each sentence? It means it needs to arrive before tomorrow morning.

And number two, before they entered, he hid the treasure.

Press pause and try and work it out.

Did you get it right? It needs to arrive before tomorrow morning.

That's a preposition.

It's a preposition of time.

It's linking to the non phrase tomorrow morning.

Before they entered, that's a subordinate clause.

And so before, is a subordinating conjunction in the second example.

Congratulations, you have done a lot of hard work.

You started off with a spelling warm-up.

You might have some spellings that you want to practise.

Then we recapped what prepositions are and we developed our knowledge of prepositions further.

Really applying our knowledge of prepositions in quite difficult examples.

Congratulations, you have completed your lesson.