A sub-cellular structure that contains chromosomes made of DNA molecules.

The entire genetic material of an organism.

A cell or organism which has a cell membrane, cytoplasm and genetic material enclosed in a nucleus.

A small ring of DNA found in a bacterial cell.

An organism whose cell has cytoplasm and a cell membrane surrounded by a cell wall. The genetic material is not enclosed in a nucleus.

Classifying organisms as eukaryotic or prokaryotic

Combined science

Pupils learned that random genetic mutation is a source of heritable variation, and that evolution occurs through the natural selection of genetic variants linked to advantageous phenotypes.

Classification in modern biology

a type of microscope that uses visible light and a system of lenses to generate magnified images of small objects

making small objects appear larger in order to see more detail

the minimum distance at which two distinct points of a specimen can still be seen

a type of microscope that uses a beam of electrons instead of light. Electron microscopes have a higher magnification and resolving power than light microscopes

Electron microscopy, and the size and scale of cells

a group of similar organisms that can breed together to produce fertile offspring

A division of living things in the classification system. The five kingdoms are animals, plants, fungi, protist and prokaryotes.

The three domain system of classification organises organisms into  three large groups: Bacteria, Archaea and Eukaryota.

the physical characteristics of an organism

Classification into kingdoms and domains: sub-cellular evidence

Deoxyribonucleic acid is a chemical that carries genetic information, and it is the molecule of inheritance.

the sequence of DNA that codes for a particular protein

diagrams that show the evolutionary relationships between organisms

Classification in modern biology

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These lessons will be removed by end of Summer Term 2025.