Lesson video

Hello, and welcome to history with me, Mrs. Dashwood-Anthony.

Today is our fourth lesson of six lessons which are focusing on the inquiry question, why did Henry VIII make a break with Rome? Now, before we get started, I'd like you to check that you've got a pen and paper or something to write on, something to write with.

And if you can, try and find a nice quiet space to work so you can concentrate throughout the lesson.

Once you've got that sorted, let's begin.

What will we be learning about today? So in today's lesson, the first part of the lesson, we're going to recap some of the core knowledge that we have learnt so far in this unit.

Then we're going to consider the differences between Catholics and Protestants.

So before we move on to look at how Henry VIII changed the church and what religious reforms were made, it's important to understand the difference between Catholics and Protestants.

And then we're going to learn about the Ten Article of 1536 and the religious changes that happened.

To begin with, we're going to be answering some multiple choice questions.

There's only one correct answer.

So for the first question, I'd like you to decide, why did the pope award Henry VIII the title Defender of the Faith? So was it for, number one, large sums of money that Henry was donating to the Roman Catholic Church? Was it because, number two, Henry gave a speech criticising Protestantism? Was it for reason number three, Henry wrote a boot criticising Martin Luther's ideas and defending Catholicism? Or was it for number four, because Henry married Catherine of Aragon, a devoted Catholic? So if you write down either one, two, three, or four.

So the correct answer was Henry wrote a book criticising Martin Luther's ideas and defending Catholicism.

So the pope awarded Henry the title Defender of the Faith after he wrote his book in 1521.

Our next question, which of the following are reasons why Henry wanted to divorce Catherine? So there are two reasons.

There's two correct answers for this question.

So number one, because Henry was in love with Anne Boleyn.

Number two, he wanted a divorce because Henry no longer wanted to be married to a Catholic.

Number three, Henry wanted a divorce because he no longer wanted to be married to a member of the Spanish royal family.

Or number four, Henry wanted a divorce because Catherine had not produced a male heir.

So can you select two correct answers for this question? So the correct answers were Henry wanted a divorce because, number one, Henry was in love with Anne Boleyn, but also number four, because Catherine had not produced a male heir, and Henry believed that Anne Boleyn would.

Our next question, why did Henry secretly marry in January 1533? Sorry, not why, who.

Who did Henry secretly marry in January 1533? Was it number one, Anne of Cleves, number two, Jane Seymour, number three, Catherine Howard, or number four, Anne Boleyn? So there's only one correct answer here.

So who did Henry secretly marry? The correct answer is number four, Anne Boleyn.

So he secretly married Anne Boleyn after he discovered that she was pregnant.

Our next question, what was the name of Henry's chief advisor who persuaded him to break with Rome? So what it number one, Thomas Wolsey? Was it number two, Thomas Cranmer, number three, Clement VII, or number four, Thomas Cromwell? There's only one correct answer, so can you write down the correct number now? The correct answer is Thomas Cromwell.

So Thomas Wolsey was Henry's first chief advisor that we learnt about who failed to get Henry's marriage annulled.

And his next chief advisor who persuaded Henry to break with Rome was Thomas Cromwell.

Our next question is what is the name of the act which declared that Henry was the supreme head of the Church of England? So what is the name of the act that we have learnt about that declared Henry the supreme head of the Church? Was it number one, the Act of Supremacy, number two, the Act of Authority, number three, the Act of Treason, or number four, the Oath of Supremacy? There's only one correct answer, so if you can write down the correct number now, please.

The correct answer is the Act of Supremacy.

The Oath of Supremacy followed the Act of Supremacy when important people had to swear an oath of loyalty to Henry VIII, which was called the Oath of Supremacy.

The Act of Supremacy declared Henry as supreme head of the Church of England.

We are now going to move on to the next part of our lesson, which is having a look at the key differences between Catholics and Protestants.

So what did people believe in in the 16th century, so the 1500s? What did people believe in? So for over 1,000 years, England had been a Catholic country.

So for over 1,000 years, all religious traditions, religious values, religious teachings were part of the Catholic Church.

That was the complete norm, and everyone followed the Catholic Church.

However, during the early 1500s, lots of different criticisms started to emerge about the corruptions taking place within the Catholic Church.

For example, being able to pay to have your sins forgiven or churches selling holy relics to earn more money.

This led to a German priest called Martin Luther developing Protestantism when he nailed his criticisms to the door of the church.

So if you'd like to find out more about Martin Luther's criticisms and what he was trying to achieve, you can have a look at the year eight unit three lessons, and you can find out more there.

A key thing to point out here is with this new religion developing, so with Protestantism developing, it's important to remember that both Catholics and Protestants are Christians.

They're part of the same religion, but they're different branches of that religion.

We're now going to have a look at the Catholic Church.

So the Catholic Church were, or churches were often richly decorated to show God's glory.

They thought it was important to show his power and his glory by having decorated churches.

In the church, there's also lots of statues and artwork of saints, including stained glass windows.

This is because they also worship saints, and there were days dedicated to them.

So that was part of their religion.

They believed that the pope was the closest person to God on Earth.

That is why the pope was head of the Catholic Church.

So he's the most important person on Earth and therefore is head of the Catholic Church.

They also believed that both the Bible and mass should be in Latin, as it had been for hundreds and hundreds of years.

They thought it was really important to follow that tradition.

Now going to have a quick look at Protestant churches.

In contrast to Catholic churches, Protestant churches were very plain and simple because they believed that it was important not to distract people at church 'cause they were there to be close to God.

So it was not needed to have lots of decorations that would distract people.

They believed reading and understanding the Bible was the best way to get close to God.

So instead of following what the pope says, they believed actually understanding the Bible and what is in the Bible was the best way to get close to God.

Priests often wore very plain garments as well, so to reflect that idea of being plain and simple, not to distract people.

And one of the key differences is, so mass services were in the spoken language.

So for example, in England, the mass would be in English, and the Bible would be written in English.

So that was really, really important 'cause they thought it was key for people to understand the Bible so they could get close to God.

We're now going to take a moment just to answer some questions to ensure we've understood what we've covered so far in today's lesson.

So you'll do some true or false questions.

So what I'd like you to do is just take a moment to write down a, b, c, d, and e.

What I'll do now is read through each statement and then pause after each statement, and then you should write down either true or false.

Afterwards, we'll go through the answers together.

So a, England had traditionally been a Catholic country.

Is that true or false? B, Henry VIII supported Martin Luther as soon as he heard about him.

So as soon as Henry VIII heard about Martin Luther, he offered him his support.

Is that true or false? C, Catholic mass was in Latin.

Is that true or false? D, the Catholic Bible was in English.

Is that true or false? And finally e, the pope was head of the Catholic Church.

Is that true or false? Let's find out the answers.

So a is true.

England had traditionally been a Catholic country.

B is false.

Henry VIII did not support Martin Luther.

In fact, he wrote a book criticising his ideas.

C, the Catholic mass was in Latin.

That is true.

D, the Catholic Bible was in English.

That is false.

The Catholic Bible, like the mass, was also in Latin.

And e is true.

The pope was head of the Catholic Church, and Henry became head of the Protestant Church of England.

Well done.

We're going to move on to have a look at what are the seven sacraments of the Catholic Church? It's important for us to have a look at this because when Henry VIII makes a break with Rome, he doesn't include all of these in the new setup of the Church of England.

So just we'll go through what the sacraments are.

So they are different religious ceremonies, and you take part in these ceremonies as a way to get love and strength from God.

So the first one is baptism.

So that is when you become part of the church.

The second is the Eucharist, which is a religious ceremony that includes the holy bread and wine, so it's usually part of mass.

The third is confirmation.

So this is a ceremony of initiation into the church that happens when you're a bit older.

Number four is reconciliation.

This is where Catholics would take confession, so would confess their sins and forgive others.

The fifth one is anointing of the sick.

So this is often given when someone is poorly in hospital.

Number six is marriage, so a public sign that you are giving yourself to another.

And number seven are the holy orders, and that is a vow to lead other Catholics.

So these are the seven sacraments of the Catholic Church.

They're very important to Catholics, and they're the seven religious ceremonies that take place during a Catholic's life.

The Protestant Church only has two.

So the Protestant Church believes in baptism, so when you become part of the church, and the Eucharist, so the religious ceremony where you take the holy bread and wine.

The Protestant Church only has two, whereas the Catholic Church has seven.

So what are the differences between Catholicism and Protestantism? You are going to now read about the beliefs and practises of each religion in a bit more detail.

So when you open the worksheet, that's pages one to seven of the worksheet.

You're then going to copy this table.

So you need two columns.

The left-hand column is Catholic.

The right-hand column is Protestant.

Remember now to draw the bottom line of the table because you never know how much you're going to write.

So copy this table, and you're going to complete the table by adding notes from what you have read.

Now, when you add notes, it means you don't copy word for word.

So you shorten what you have read and add the key information.

This will then help you to make comparisons and identify the key differences between the two religions.

Remember to add what you've already learnt from today's lesson.

If you are stuck, on this slide are some statements that I've taken from the worksheet, and you can focus just on these statements to help you fill in the table.

So if you'd like to now please pause this video, read the slides, and then unpause when you have finished.

So welcome back.

Let's go through the answers to the key information that hopefully you've written down.

So for Catholics, the church is grand to show God's power.

You can have your sins forgiven if you gave the church a gift.

Priests should not get married.

They believe that a priest should dedicate their entire life to the church.

Mass services and other services and the Bible were in Latin, as it was the tradition to do so.

And the head of the church was the pope.

For Protestants, the church is simple and plain so not to distract you from God.

So visually, the churches look very different.

Only Jesus can forgive sins.

They disagreed with the idea of paying to have your sins forgiven.

Priests are ordinary people and therefore can get married.

And the Bible and the services should be in a language that everyone can understand.

So whatever language it is that you speak, you should be able to attend a service and read the Bible in that language.

So now we're going to have a look at what religious changes were made after Henry made a break with Rome.

This started mainly with something called the Ten Articles of 1536.

So what were the Ten Articles of 1536? These were written and designed, it's believed to be by Thomas Cranmer.

So remember he was the archbishop of Canterbury at the time, and he was sympathetic towards Protestants.

So they needed to.

The reason why it was written, these Ten Articles, is that they needed to make clear what the beliefs of the Church of England were.

They made a huge change by breaking with Rome, so they now needed to make clear what the Church of England believed in.

And they believed that the Ten Articles were a compromise between Protestants and Catholics, so it should hopefully appease everybody.

Okay, so there should be parts of the Ten Articles that appeal to Protestants and parts of it that appealed to Catholics.

A key thing here is to note that it only included three of the seven sacraments.

Later on, there's something called "The Bishops' Book." Once these changes started to be made, Henry began to worry about these changes.

There was a bit of resistance, and he was concerned because he was still sympathetic towards Catholicism.

So he started to get worried about these religious reforms that were taking place.

And "The Bishops' Book," he supported "The Bishops' Book" being written, which was made by or written by English bishops and clergy.

And in this, the main point about "The Bishops' Book" is that the four sacraments that had been left out of the Ten Articles were now included.

So what "The Bishops' Book" said is that these are, all the seven sacraments are valid.

However, the four sacraments that had been left out were not as important as the original three that were in the Ten Articles.

Later on then in 1539, Henry then produced something else called the Six Articles, and in the Six Articles, he states that he supports Catholic traditions.

So he continues to be worried about the religious changes that are taking place, and he reasserts his support for Catholic values, beliefs, and traditions.

So England essentially remained a Catholic country.

Even when Henry died, his funeral was a full Catholic service, so he did not associate himself with being a Protestant, even though he was head of the Protestant Church of England.

So what we're going to do now is look at that in a bit more detail.

So you're going to read through the rest of the worksheet, and then I want you to have a look at what changes occurred after Henry broke with Rome and then answer these comprehension questions.

So number one, why were the Ten Articles written in 1536? So why were they written? Number two, how might the Ten Articles upset Catholics at the time? It's really important there that you remember what you've learnt about the seven sacraments.

Number three, I want you to then list two religious reforms, two religious changes that were made to the Church after Henry broke with the Church.

And number four, how was "The Bishops' Book" different from the Ten Articles? So what did "The Bishops' Book" say that was different to the Ten Articles? If you need a bit of support, there are some sentence starters below to help you answer each question.

So if you'd like to now please pause this video, read the slides on the next page, and complete the questions, and then unpause once you have finished.

Welcome back.

We're now going to go through each question and have a look at what answers you could've written.

Now, remember that you don't need to have got these word-for-word.

These are example answers that you could've used or could've written yourself.

So number one, why were the Ten Articles written in 1536? An acceptable answer is they needed to say what the Church believed in.

So they needed to say what the Church believed in after Henry broke with Rome.

A good answer here would be the Ten Articles were written to make clear what the Church of England believed in.

It was thought to be a compromise between Catholics and Protestants.

So what you've then done there is answered in full sentences, and you've added a piece of information about how it was a compromise between Catholics and Protestants.

Number two, how might the Ten Articles upset Catholics at the time? An acceptable answer is that it left out four of the seven sacraments.

A good answer would be a full sentence, like Catholics were upset by the Ten Articles because it only included three of the seven sacraments.

You could even go on here to say why those sacraments were important to Catholics.

Number three is list two religious reforms, two religious changes that were made to the Church.

So an acceptable answer here could be the English Bible, so the Bible's in English, and they removed images of saints from the church.

A good answer, again, would be a full sentence and a little bit more detail.

So two religious reforms that were made after 1536 was that the English Bible was placed in all churches and statues of saints were destroyed.

And finally, number four, how was "The Bishops' Book" different from the Ten Articles? An acceptable answer here is that all of the seven sacraments were important.

"The Bishops' Book" stated that all of the seven were important, were valid.

A good answer would be "The Bishops' Book" is different from the Ten Articles because it said that all seven sacraments were important, were valid.

If you'd like to today, you can have a go at our extension activity.

So our inquiry question is why did Henry VIII make a break with Rome? So using what you have learnt so far, I'd like you to write a list of the religious reasons why Henry VIII made a break with Rome.

So we've covered a few of them in today's lesson, so you just need to write some.

Write out the question, why did Henry VIII make a break with Rome, and then bullet point the different religious reasons why that might be.

I've added some prompts here so you can refer to the passage that we learnt about that stated that you should not marry your brother's wife.

You can refer to the role of the pope in the annulment or the process of Henry getting a divorce from Catherine.

And you may also want to think about how some priests were forgiving sins in return for a gift.

So why might that make Henry break with Rome? So that brings us to the end of our lesson today.

Well done for all of your hard work.

I hope you enjoy the rest of your day and the rest of your learning today, and I'll see you soon for our next lesson.

Bye!.