Lesson video

- So, the title of our lesson today is, what do Muslims believe in? And this is going to be the rundown of our lesson.

So, first we're gonna start with our star words.

I'm gonna share some key vocabulary with you, and then we're going to talk about Allah, which is the Arabic word for God.

Then we're gonna have look at Islam's six main beliefs.

After that, we are going to have a look at the five pillars of Islam, and then we're gonna finish up with our quiz.

These are the things that you're going to need.

You're going to need an exercise book or a piece of paper.

You're going to need a pencil, and you're going to need your brain.

Most important thing is your brain.

And you might say, why do I need my exercise book or paper? Well, you can use your exercise book to do an activity that we're gonna come and do, but also you can write notes as you go along as well.

So, at this point, if you need to go and get those things, go and get them now.

So, let's move on to our first section.

So, here are our star words, and this is the key vocabulary of our lesson.

So we've got Islam, which we learned last week, on Monday, sorry, was a monotheistic religion.

It was founded by Muhammad in 620 CE, and it was founded in Saudi Arabia, which is a country in the Middle East.

Now, in Islam, they believe in one God, and in Arabic, the word for God is Allah.

Next word is beliefs.

So Islam has a set of beliefs, just like all other religions have a set of beliefs.

Islam has something called the pillars of Islam, and those are the fundamental parts of their religion, and we're going to talk about them a little bit later.

And then we've got fasting, which is where you don't eat and you don't drink for a certain amount of time.

And at this time, it is a special month for Muslims. It is Ramadan, and they celebrate Ramadan by fasting.

They do not eat or drink from sunset until sunrise.

And then last one is pilgrimage, and we're going to talk a little bit about what a pilgrimage is later on.

Now, let's recap our previous learning.

So, this is the timeline that we made last week.

So, we began by finding out that Muhammad was born in 570 CE, and tragically, he became an orphan by the age of six.

So he lost his dad before he was born, and he lost his mum when he was around six.

So he was looked after by his relatives.

He became a merchant, who traded goods, and in 609 CE in the Cave of Hira in Jabal al-Nour, in Mount Jabal al-Nour, the Angel Gabriel presented himself to Muhammad, and he gave him his first revelation from God.

And this night is called the Night of Power.

Now, Angel Gabriel's revelations took around 23 years for the Qur'an to be fully revealed.

Remember that Muhammad was illiterate, so he couldn't read or write.

So he had to memorise all of Angel Gabriel's words.

In around 621 CE, it is said that Muhammad made the Night Journey on a winged horse called Buraq, great job if you remember that, and it is said that he travelled from Mecca to Jerusalem, which had the furthest mosque at that time.

And during the Night Journey it is also said that he travelled to heaven.

But it is also said that he travelled to hell.

And during that time, he also spoke to other prophets like Jesus, Moses, and Abraham.

Now, as Muhammad became more influential and his religion became more and more powerful and his followers increased, he gained lots of enemies.

And as a result, he had to do the Hijra.

He had to leave Mecca for Medina.

Medina was another city in Saudi Arabia.

And he had to stay there for around seven years before it was safe.

And then in 629 CE, he travelled back with an army of 10,000 soldiers, all Muslim converts, and they took over the city and then they took over the rest of Saudi Arabia.

Then, three years later in 632 CE, he passed away.

And his followers, because they disagreed about who should be his successor, they disagreed so much that they split into two camps, the Sunni and the Shia.

And they are two groups that, to this day, are still in conflict about who should have been the rightful successor.

So that is our recap of last week's lesson.

Now let's have a look at today's lesson.

So, God's name.

So, people who follow the religion of Islam are called Muslims, and they believe that Muhammad was the final prophet of God.

So remember that they sometimes refer to Muhammad as the Seal of the Prophets, because they think that no other prophet will come after him.

Now remember that the reason why we don't show pictures on Muhammad is because Muslims believe that it is not respectful because they think that only gods should be worshipped , and by drawing pictures of Mohammad, it encourages worship of Muhammad.

So that's the reason why you always mostly tend to see his name written in Arabic as his representation.

Very rare that you would see images of him.

Now Muslims called God Allah, and they believe that they can learn what Allah wants from them by reading the Qur'an.

Remember the Qur'an is the written holy text for Muslims and it is made up of the revelations from the Angel Gabriel passed down to Muhammad.

Now Allah's name is written in Arabic, which is the language that Muhammad spoke and that the Qur'an is written in.

And Muslims think that it's really important to read the Quran in Arabic because they don't want to change the words of God.

So they believe that because Muhammad spoke Arabic and because Muhammad was receiving the revelations from Gabriel directly, they believe that the Qur'an is the literal word of God.

So anything contained in the Qur'an was said by God himself.

So the reason why they want to read in Arabic is because they therefore believe that they are reading the word of God.

The main beliefs in Islam.

So these are Islam's six main beliefs.

So, here are the main beliefs.

So they are, the oneness of God.

So, Muslims believe that there is only one God, which is why Islam is a monotheistic religion.

They believe in one God only.

Now, Muslims also believe in the existence of angels, such as the Angel Gabriel.

They believe in the existence of the books which reveal God to humans.

So, not only did they believe in the Qur'an, but they also believe that the Bible is the word of God, and the Hebrew Torah is the word of God.

But they believe that the Qur'an is the final word of God.

Now, they believe in the prophets who God spoke through.

So they believe in Jesus, that Jesus was a prophet.

They believe that Moses was a prophet.

They believe that Abraham was a prophet.

But the most important thing to notice is that they believe that Muhammad was the final prophet.

He is the Seal of the Prophets.

There'll be no more prophets after Mohammed.

Muslims also believe that there will be a Day of Judgement where when someone passes away, they will either be sent to heaven or to hell.

And they believe in something called predestination.

And predestination means that God has already decided what's going to happen to everyone on Earth, irrespective of what they do themselves.

So we've got oneness of God, we've got believe in angels, we've got believe in holy books, we've got believe in prophets, we've got Day of Judgement , and we've got predestination.

So those are the six main beliefs in Islam.

Now, this is your task.

So what I want you to do is I want you to match the word or phrase to the correct picture.

I have jumbled them all up.

Here you've got the pictures.

So first of all, think about what you think the picture represents.

And then you've got to match it to the correct phrase or word that tells you what it is.

So at this point, pause the video.

and have a go.

And we're back.

So let's have a look and see if you got it right.

So the first one on the left, top left, is of course Muhammad's name.

Next one, in the middle, is, sorry, one God in the bottom right.

Then next one is believe in angels.

Next one is the Day of Judgement represented by the scales.

Number five is predestination.

So remember that predestination is the belief that God has already decided what is going to happen to everyone on Earth.

And then the last one is the belief in holy books, such as the Bible, the Torah, and the Qur'an, as the words of God revealed to humans.

So we've got Muhammad, we've got the Day of Judgement , we've got belief in angels, belief in holy books, predestination, and one God.

Let's have a look at the next one now.

So, we're gonna move on from the six main beliefs in Islam to the five pillars of Islam.

So these are the foundations of the Muslim religion.

So, let's have a look and see.

So, Muslims believe that the most important practises are the five pillars of Islam.

And the five pillars of Islam are the five obligations that every Muslim has to satisfy in order to live a good and responsible life, according to Islam.

And so the five pillars of Islam consist of, number one is the shahadah.

My turn then your turn.

Shahadah, shahadah.

Good job.

Now shahadah is declaring faith in Allah, who is the only God, according to Muslims, with Muhammad as his messenger, as his last messenger, that's really important.

So when you say the shahadah, you are declaring that there is only one God, and Muhammad is his messenger, is his last messenger.

Now, number two, the second pillar of Islam is salat.

And salat is praying five times every single day.

So it's recommended that Muslims pray five times every day.

And that is called salat.

My turn then your turn.

Salat, salat.

Excellent job.

The next one is zakat.

My turn then your turn.

Zakat, zakat.

Excellent job.

And zakat is giving money to charity, especially to those who need most.

The next one is sawm.

It's quite a difficult word.

So sawm.

My turn then your turn.

Sawm, sawm.

Good.

And sawm is the fasting in the month of Ramadan.

So right now Muslim people are fasting because it's the month of Ramadan.

Now, there are exceptions to people who can't fast.

So it's said that young children of a certain age, they shouldn't fast because they're not able to, pregnant women don't need to fast, the elderly don't need to fast either.

So there are exceptions to the rule.

And also if you're sick, then you're encouraged not to fast, just for your health.

But if you are able, then it is recommended as one of the main pillars of Islam.

Now, the last one is the hajj.

And the hajj is making a pilgrimage to Mecca, and Mecca is the most holy city for the Muslims. And the reason why Mecca is considered the holy city in Islam is because it's the home for the Kaaba and the Al-Masjid al-Haram, which is the sacred mosque.

And inside the sacred mosque is the Kaaba.

And the Kaaba is said to be where God is.

So, next week we're going to discuss that in a little bit more detail.

So we've got the shahadah, which is the declaration of faith.

We've got the salat, which is praying five times.

We've got the zakat, which is giving money to charity.

We've got the sawm, which is fasting in the month of Ramadan.

And then lastly, we've got the hajj, which is making a pilgrimage to Mecca.

So, now in the last activity we'll begin to do is we are going to be matching the pillar of faith, so remember there are five pillars in the Muslim faith, to their description.

So you've got the shahadah, you've got salat, you've got zakat, you've got sawm, and you've got hajj.

The descriptions are all jumbled up, so you need to order them correctly.

You need to put them in the right order.

So if you're working from your book, you can write the pillar, and then next to it you can write the description.

So at this point, pause the video and have a go.

So three, two, and one.

Okay, let's see how you got on.

Right, here we've got the first one.

So, shahadah, which is sincerely reciting the Muslim profession of faith.

Remember, if you're saying the shahadah, you're saying that there is only one God, and that Muhammad is his messenger.

Next one, we've got salat, which is performing ritual prayer in the proper way five times each day.

Then we've got zakat, which is paying alms or charity, which is a tax to benefit the poor and the needy.

Then we've got sawm, which is fasting during the month of Ramadan.

And then the last pillar of Islam is the hajj, which is the pilgrimage to Mecca, which is the holiest city for Muslims. And it's the holy city for Muslims so much so that every time that a Muslim prays, every time that they do salat, they have to face Mecca.

So wherever they are in the world, they always have to face Mecca.

That is known as the qibla.

So, guys, we've come to the end of our lesson.

And, of course, it's now time for you to do your quiz.

Remember the quiz is really important because it helps to show you how much you have remembered from our lesson today.