Lesson video

Hi everyone, my name is Miss Hummel, and I would usually be a teacher in a school in Felton in London.

I'm really looking forward to teaching you this unit.

Together we'll be answering the question, how do humans digest food? In this lesson, we will learn about what is important in a healthy diet.

We will discuss the seven nutrients that we need to know as well as the role in the body.

Our lesson will follow this structure.

First, we will recap some things that you may already know about a healthy diet.

Then we will discuss what the seven nutrients that we need are.

We will then discuss the role those nutrients play in our biology.

And finally, we will learn about what makes a healthy diet.

In this lesson you will need an exercise book or paper, a pencil or a pen, a coloured pencil or pen, and a ruler.

If you haven't got those things, pause the video now and go get them.

Here are our star words, which are the most important words of our lesson.

I'm going to say them and ask you to repeat them after me.

When I pointed myself, it will be my turn.

And when I pointed at you, it will be your turn.

Healthy, nutrients, water, diet, carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamin, fibre, balanced.

Great, now we will begin by discussing what we already know about a healthy diet.

I would like you to think about what you had for breakfast this morning.

Write down everything that you ate for breakfast this morning.

So pause the video now and do that.

Now that you've done that I would like you to think about these questions.

What do you think would make a healthy breakfast and what sorts of foods should you eat? How much should you eat? So think about those questions.

Pause the video to have a thing, you can resume once you've finished.

Next, we'll discuss our seven nutrients.

So, what do we need in a balanced diet? Well, we need nutrients.

So repeat after me.

A nutrient is something that the body needs to grow, provide energy and maintain life.

A nutrient is? something that the body needs to grow, provide energy and maintain life.

There are seven essential nutrients needed by the body.

We need water, minerals vitamins, carbohydrates, fibre, proteins, and fat.

Okay, now close your eyes.

Now how many can you remember of the seven? Open your eyes.

Now if you didn't get all seven, have another read and try again.

Now I would like you to pause the video to complete this task.

Write down the seven major nutrients, you can resume once you've finished.

Get ready to mark your work.

So you should have said water, minerals, vitamins, carbohydrates, fibre, proteins, and fat.

Let's continue to discuss what we need in a balanced diet.

So a balanced diet means eating the right types of food in the right amounts so that the body gets the nutrients that it needs.

We need the right types of? And in the right? The right types of food in the right amounts.

Pause the video to complete this task.

Write down the definition of a balanced diet.

You can resume once you've finished.

A balanced diet, so get ready to mark your work, means eating the right types of food in the right amounts so that the body gets the nutrients that it needs.

Now get ready to answer these questions.

First, what is a diet? Second, what is a balanced diet? Third, what seven nutrients do humans need to eat? You can resume once you've finished.

Now get ready to mark your work.

So diet is the food and drink that a person consumes.

A balanced diet is eating the right types of foods in the right amounts so that body gets the nutrients that it needs.

And the seven essential nutrients are carbohydrates, protein, fat, minerals, vitamins, fibre, and water.

Let's discuss how our seven nutrients wait, what were they again? Water, minerals, vitamins, carbohydrates, fibre, proteins and fat.

Let's discuss the role that those have in our body.

Now in preparation for the rest of the lesson, I would like you to copy this table into your notes.

You should have a column that says, nutrient with our seven nutrients, starting with carbohydrates, followed by fibre, protein, fat, minerals, vitamins and water.

Then you should have a column that says found in, which will tell us in what foods or drinks you can find that nutrient.

And finally, you should have a column for the role that that nutrient plays on our body.

Pause the video now to copy this table and you can resume once you've finished.

Let's start with carbohydrates.

Carbohydrates are made of starch and sugar.

They're broken down into sugar molecules which are absorbed into the bloodstream.

The body uses those sugars to release energy.

It is better to get your sugars from things like fruit because they also contain vitamins and fibre and other important nutrients like calcium.

Foods like pasta, bread and rice are high in carbohydrates.

Which of those three is your favourite? I think mine is bread.

Then we've got fibre.

So make sure that you took your notes on carbohydrates before moving on to the next nutrient.

Fibre is found in cereals and fruits skin.

The fibre keeps food moving through the gut and keeps our gut healthy.

What would provide you with fibre in these examples on our slides? You've got the cereals and you've also got some fruits.

Remember that the fruit skins in particular have a lot of fibre, but fruit in general tends to have quite a bit of fibre too.

Next we've got proteins.

Proteins are found in meat, fish, cheese, milk, eggs pulses like lentils and beans and nuts.

Proteins are responsible for growth and repair.

So they help us grow and they help us repair.

What do you think we mean by repair? So a lot of people have protein when they're exercising for example, and it helps their body repair itself from the exercise.

Here are examples of what foods with proteins look like.

What's your favourite protein source? I think mine are maybe eggs and nuts which is why I put them on these slides.

Next we've got fat.

Fat is found in dairy products, such as cheese and milk but it can also be found in oils like olive oil and in certain foods like avocados, which are high in natural fats.

Fats are responsible for storing energy, protecting our vital organs and keeping us warm.

In general, they say that countries that are colder tend to have diets that are higher in fat because it is helping those people stay warmer.

Here are two examples of healthy fats.

Next we've got vitamins and minerals which we've put on the same slide.

So just bear with me and figure out kind of which information should go on which part of your table.

So vitamins and minerals are needed in small amounts.

An example of a vitamin is vitamin C, which you can find in oranges and carrots and a few other vegetables.

Vitamin D can also be found in foods like salmon.

And those are just a few vitamins, we've got lots.

Vitamin C, so the function of vitamin C is that it helps protect ourselves and keep them healthy.

It helps maintain healthy skin, blood vessels, bones, and cartilage.

So it has lots and lots of different functions.

Now for an example of a mineral, which is calcium.

Calcium is needed for healthy teeth and bones and you can find it in milk.

You may be wondering what the difference is between vitamins and minerals.

Well, vitamins are something we call organic substances which are made by plants, animals and minerals are what we call inorganic substances that come from the soil and water and are absorbed by plants or eaten by animals.

But you don't need to focus too much on that.

Which of these provides us with vitamin C? Point to it on your screen.

And which of these provides us with calcium? Point at that one on your screen.

Water is needed, so that's our last one now, water is needed to support lots of body processes and systems which include our blood.

So keeping our blood flowing through our body to give us the energy, the nutrients and the oxygen that we need.

If you struggle drinking enough water in the day, because let's say you prefer flavoured drinks, try putting fruits to give your water a nice fruity taste.

I know that's really nice in summer.

Now it's time for you to answer these questions.

What is the role of protein in the body? Why is some fat in the diet important? Name a mineral and its role in your diet? You can resume once you've finished.

Now get ready to mark your work.

So proteins are responsible for growth and repair.

Fat is important in our diet as it provides a store of energy, protects organs and keeps us warm.

An example of a mineral is calcium and calcium is needed for the growth of healthy teeth and bones.

Finally, we're going to discuss what makes a healthy diet.

First, have a think.

What does a healthy plate of food include? Maybe you've got kind of an image or a visual in your head of what a healthy plate of food would look like.

Now remember that a balanced diet means eating the right types of food in the right amounts so that the body gets the nutrients that it needs.

Now why do you think that this diagram here shows us what a balanced, healthy diet looks like? You may notice that we need things like carbohydrates and fruits and vegetables more than we do some of the other types of nutrients and food groups.

Now you maybe wondering, what role foods like fast food and sweets play into balanced diet, because we can't really see many of them in this diagram.

So the truth is, that you can have fast food and sweets in moderation alongside a majoritarily healthy diet.

If you restrict yourself entirely from the foods that you like, you may be more likely to feel like you can't stop eating them if they're placed in front of you.

It's like that saying if you want what you can't have.

In times I've tried things like, okay I'm going to try not to eat any chocolate.

And what's ended up happening was that after let's say a week or two weeks or three weeks of eating none of something that I really enjoy was that by the end of those three weeks all I was really thinking about was eating that chocolate.

And when I had it in front of me, I felt like I couldn't stop once I had it.

Now it's still important to remember that some fast foods are highly palatable.

What that means is that they taste really good on your tongue.

So those foods tastes good even when your body is telling you that you're not hungry.

So say I was bored right now and I wasn't feeling hungry at all.

If I put some form of fast food in my mouth it would still tastes good even though I'm full.

So in order to eat a balanced diet, we need to be in tune with our hunger levels.

When are we feeling hungry? What foods are going to satisfy that hunger? For example, have you ever felt like you're hungry for something but you don't know what? Sometimes that's a sign that your body may be craving certain minerals and vitamins.

Now let's have a look at different meals throughout the day.

Do you think if someone ate this food in a day that they would be considered to have a healthy balanced diet? Pause the video until you've got your answer.

The truth is that it's not a very balanced diet as carbohydrates are overrepresented.

And there is a lack of fibre and protein in this diet.

Carbohydrates can give our body immediate fuel which is great, but proteins and fibres will keep us feeling fuller for longer and have some very important roles in our body, which we've already discussed.

So it's really important that we have these in our diet to.

Each of those dishes can be part of a balanced diet.

However, they're not considered a balanced diet all together.

What about this diet, would you say this is a balanced diet? Why or why not? So this is more of a balanced diet, as you can see, you've got some carbohydrates for the bread.

You've got some fats like the butter and the milk which also has calcium.

You've got protein, you've got some vegetables which will have vitamins and fibre.

And also some play foods like chocolate which shouldn't be considered bad food if it's paired with a balanced diet.

As a final activity, I would like you to design a menu for yourself which you think would incorporate a nice mix of foods and would therefore fit the definition of a balanced diet.

You can incorporate the foods you like, think carefully about whether you have a nice distribution of the seven nutrients that we need.

Pause the video now to complete this task and you can resume once you've finished.

We have now finished our lesson and it is time for you to complete your exit quiz.

You need to exit the video and complete the quiz to test your knowledge and understanding of this lesson.

I hope you enjoyed the lesson, bye.