Lesson video

Hello there fellow geographers and welcome to the 4th lesson on the unit of Natural Resources.

My name is Mr. Pedroza and in this lesson, we're going to look at the following question.

So the question is what resources does the UK have? In the previous lesson, we went all the way to South America.

We went to Chile and we had a look at her geography we had a look her natural resources.

And we even delve into its history particularly the War of the Pacific which has mainly fought over natural resources.

In this lesson, we're going to have a look at the UK, Geography.

We'll have a look at the UK natural resources, and then we'll delve back into its history as well.

And we have look at the impact that natural resources had on the industrial revolution.

So we're going to begin with these star words, I'll try to keep a current review.

Then we'll have a look at the UK geography.

We'll have a look at the UK's natural resources, and then we have going to have go back into history and we'll have look at the impact that coal made on the industrial revolution, and then we'll do our end of lesson quiz The resources that you're going to need for this lesson are: exercise book or paper where you can write some notes, then you'll need your pencil or your pen.

And then you going to need your brain, 'cause am going to give you lots of key facts and information.

So at this point pause video and go and get these things.

Okay.

Let's begin by sharing the key recovery.

So we got mining, coal, pressure and industrial revolution.

So what is mining? So mining is the actual business of taking out minerals, such as coal in a mine.

So the active business of taking on minerals, such as coal in a mine is called mining.

And coal is a hard black or dark brown substance, that is found in the earth and is burnt as fuel.

So a hot black or dark Brown substance that is found in the earth and burnt as fuel is coal, And coal is formed out of heat and pressure, and pressure is a steady force upon a surface.

So a steady force upon the surface is called pressure, and coal played a really important role in the industrial revolution, which is a complex of economic and social changes, which occurred in England in the mid 18th century.

So we've got mining, coal, pressure and industrial revolution.

Now let's have a look at the UK's geography.

So the UK, the United Kingdom of great Britain and Northern Ireland commonly known as the United Kingdom is a country located off the Northwestern coast of the European mainland.

Now the United Kingdom includes the Island of Great Britain, the North Eastern part of the Island of Ireland and many small Islands.

Now the Island of great Britain is comprised of three nations.

The England, which is the largest one.

Wales, which is the smallest one.

And you also have Scotland.

In addition, you also have Northern Ireland, which has a land border with Ireland, but it's part of Great Britain.

Now, the United Kingdom has the 12 largest coastline in the entire world, and it has coastline with the North Sea, the Atlantic Ocean, the Celtic Sea, the English channel, which separates it from mainland Europe and the Irish Sea, which separates Great Britain and Ireland.

So first task, true or false.

So the United Kingdom is located off the North Eastern coast of the European mainland.

Is that true? Or is that false? I remember hearing something about the North, but I can't remember whether it was Northeast or Northwest.

I might have to go back and see, if I can get that information.

If you're not sure you can also do the same.

That's fine pause and then have to go.

Right? Let's see either there contracture, I think you've got this one, right.

Right, The United Kingdom is located off the northeastern coast of the European mainland.

Is that true is that false, that's false.

It's located off the Northwestern coast of the European mainland, not the Northeast.

Right.

Lets have a look at the UK's geography.

Now, the UK is the 78th largest country by area.

And it's the 7th largest Island country.

It has the 12th longest coastline as we said before, it has a population of roughly 67 million.

And the physical geography of the UK varies greatly England, which is the largest country in great Britain consist of mainly lowland terrain.

And as you go further North up into Scotland, it becomes a little bit more hilly becomes a little bit more mountainous.

And Scotland is actually the most mountainous country within the UK.

Now, the tallest mountain in the UK is Ben Nevis, which stands at 1,345 metres above sea level.

And the longest river is the river Severn, which is 220 miles long.

So let's complete two sentences.

In the first one, you going to have to use some more ordinary numbers.

And in the second one, you can now write some names.

So the UK is the, largest country by area and the largest Island country, The UK's tallest mountain is, and its longest river is the river So again, pause the video, have a go and then we'll mark it together.

Great job guys.

Let's have a look, ready.

So the UK is that 78th largest country by area.

And the 7th largest Island country.

The UK's tallest mountain is Ben Nevis and its longest river is the River Severn.

Great job guys at this point, pause the video and then take a fix.

Now let's learn a little bit about the UK's natural resources.

Remember that natural resources are materials or substances that are produced by the environment.

And humans use natural resources in order to survive, in order to sustain the economy and their society.

And so they can be used to heat up your home to transport you around the world, to feed you and to clothe you.

Now, the UK has lots of natural resources, including fossil fuels for energy, crops for food and livestock for food, livestock for food as well as clothes.

Now, resources that are found on the ground are called geological resources.

And in the UK, these include minerals like China clay, metals like tin, but mainly fossil fuels like gas, oil and coal.

And the UK's oil and gas industry.

Isn't primarily located in the North sea, In the UK about 69% of the total land area is utilised for agricultural and resources related to farming are called agricultural resources.

So these include in the UK, crops such as wheat, barley, oats and potatoes and also livestock such as cows, pigs and chickens which produce dairy, which produce eggs and meat as well as sheep, which produce wool and leather.

Now the UK also has efficient industry.

It used to be larger than it is today, but the main catch includes; haddock, hake, Cod and crabs.

Now in this task, what I want you to do memorise all these facts.

So I want you to draw a table with three columns and then each of these three columns is going to have a different category of natural resources that can be found in the UK.

So in the first column you will have geological resources.

So geological resource, are resource found underground.

So it could be metals, minerals or fossil fuels In the middle one you can have agriculture, so crops and livestock.

And in third one you can have fish.

So at this point, draw the table, make sure it has got three columns.

Make sure you use an a ruler so it looks like nice and neat and then fill out your table.

Have fun.

Right? Let's have a look and see how you did.

Ready? So geological resources, you could have said; clay, you could have said tin and then fossil fuels like gas, oil and coal.

For agriculture, you could have said, in terms of crops; wheat, barley, oats and potatoes and in terms of livestock you could have said; cows, pigs, chickens and sheep.

In terms of the fishing industry could have said; haddock, hake, cod and crabs.

Excellent job.

If you got most of those now, so at this point pause the video and make sure you complete your table.

Now let's continue in our search for more of the UK's natural resources.

So, in the UK oil and gas deposits were discovered in the North Sea, in the 1960s.

And they began to be extracted in the 1970s.

And it proved to be a really really valuable source of income for the country.

As during those days, the UK economy was struggling.

So the North Sea was seen as a blessing because it proved to be a really valuable source of income.

Now at the moment, the UK imports more oil than it produces.

And there's been a steady decline in the production of oil and gas for a number of years.

Now, the mining industry in the UK has a really long history, which goes back all the way to the Bronze age and tin and copper were the first materials that were mined during that time, The Romans, when they wrote Great Britain, they were drawn by the availability of gold, copper and lead.

During the industrial revolution in the mid 18th century, iron and coal tended to be the primary natural resources that were mined.

How about today? Less iron ore and coal are mined in the UK.

The UK still has natural resources such as oil, such as fossil fuels, such as oil and iron, but is currently cheaper to import them from other countries.

So, although for instance that UK has the processes of copper and iron ore, then mostly import it from other countries like the United States, Chile, China, Brazil, and Australia, just because it's easier to Just because its easier and cheaper to actually get them So, let's have a look at this one.

So here are the key Words; you got 1960s, you got Romans, you got 1970s, you got the North sea, you got the bronze age and you got income.

Okay, where do you think these words might fit into these sentences? Have to think, put them where you think they might get.

And then once you come back re-read the part to yourself to see if it makes sense I've you got Right, let's try go back.

Are you ready.

So mining in the UK has a long history.

Tin and copper have been mined since the Bronze age, with the Roman's extracting gold, copper and lead during their rule, oil and gas reserves were discovered in the North Sea in the 1960s and they began to be extracted in the 1970s becoming an important source of income.

Great job guys.

Well done.

At this point pause the video and make sure you got all these sentences right Now let's continue.

Now this map shows you the UK's current production of fossil fuels.

So can have oil, you have natural gas, you have coal and you have iron.

You can see that the North Sea is the primary source of the UK's oil reserves.

You can see that there's lots of coal and there are some iron or deposits scattered around the country as well.

However, there's been a declining gas and oil production.

As these reserves have increasingly dwindled, it's become increasingly expensive to extract them.

Now, iron ore used to be a key resource during the industrial revolution.

And this was because it plays an important role in the production of steel and therefore in the ship building industry, coal also played an important role in the industrial revolution as we'll see later, but it was the primary source of energy production.

Now there's been a steady decline in the UK's steel and coal production.

And in terms of coal, the number employed in the coal mining industry is dropped from over 1 million people in the 1950s to less than 10,000 in 2015.

So it used to be an important part of the economy, but it's now a quite small, small part.

Now there are three resources to coal.

However these tend to be in really deep mines, which makes it really expensive and really dangerous to extract and as a result, due to concerns of expense, but also in terms of pollution because coal production and the use of coal creates pollution which contributes to climate change.

There's been a steady decline in the use of coal and the UK's last coal mine actually closed in 2015.

And actually this year in 2020, the UK went two whole months without using any coal for the production of energy.

So you can see that coal is now a resource, which is not used a lot.

Now quiz time.

So we've got three questions there.

So why is the UK's oil and gas production in decline? Question number two is; why was iron ore an important resource during the industrial revolution? And then the question number three is; when did the UK's coal mine close? So at this point pause the video and then have ago Right? Let's have a look at those answers its ready.

So number one.

So why is UK's oil and gas production in decline? So the UK's oil and gas production has been on the decline as it has become increasingly expensive.

Remember, these resources are dwindling because they are natural resources.

So they are accessible.

The more we extract them.

And the more you use them, the less of them they are, as a result, it becomes harder to find, it becomes more expensive to actually extract.

Number two, why was iron ore an important resource during the industrial revolution? So iron ore was an important resource during the industrial revolution as it was used for steel production and ship building.

And then number three.

When did the UK's last coal mine close? So the UK's last coal mine closed in 2015.

So one, two and three.

Make sure you got this answers right Make sure you're writing in full sentences.

So at this point pause the video and then take a fix to work.

Now let's move on to the next part.

Now, can I talk about coal and the industrial revolution before we talk about the industrial revolution, what is coal? So coal is a mineral which has formed over millions of years and it is made out of the remains of dead animals and plants.

These animals and plants became when they die, when they passed away, they became buried on the water and dirt and free heat and pressure that turns into coal and coal was an important energy source during the industrial revolution.

So let's look at these tasks, so you've got to choose one of the Words to complete sentence.

At this point pause the video and then have a go Okay, let's see if you've got those right.

So you had to choose one word to complete each of those sentences.

So number one, coal is formed over millions of years.

Number two, Coal is formed out of the remains of dead animals and plants Number three, the remains became trapped under water and dirt.

They became coal as a result of heat and pressure.

And then number four, coal became an important energy source during the industrial revolution not the agricultural revolution, the industrial revolution, That's fine pause the video make sure you got all the same.

Right? Let's have a look at the role that Coal played in the industrial revolution.

So the industrial revolution is the name that historians gave to a period in history when there was a large and rapid change in the way that things were made.

And it began around the 1750s and it began in England and this is one production made from really small workshops to factories where things could be made more cheaply by machines in factories.

These factories increased in production of products.

And therefore, because there was more, there were more products.

These items became cheaper.

Now, many people as a result, they began to move away from agricultural.

So they began to me from agricultural lifestyle in the countryside, and they moved to towns and cities where the factories offered more and better paid work.

So during the industrial revolution, the UK moved away from being an agricultural society, to being an industrial and an urbanised society and the industrial revolution saw a rise in factories, which were centred on new machines and these machines grew bigger and more powerful and they needed new forms of energy to get them working.

And as a result, there was an increased urbanisation as more people moved to towns and cities.

Lets have look at these ones.

So you've got to complete the sentences again, pause the video, rewind if you need some more information, but have it go.

Okay, lets have a look.

Ready? So during the industrial revolution production moved from small workshops to factories, this meant that many items became cheaper to produce and purchase.

So at this point pause the video and then make sure you got all same Awesome guys.

Well done.

Okay.

Let's have a look, this is my bam.

So why was coal so important during the industrial revolution? So during the 1700s, water was used as the main source of power for many machines.

Moving water was a way to generate power.

And this was seen in water Wells, which powered mills, and it's still used today in the form of hydroelectric dams. That's the way that we generate energy.

However using water as a source of power had limitations, the machinery had to be located next to minimum water, such as rivers and streams. And when there was a lack of rainwater that would essentially render the machines absolutely useless.

So people started thinking, we need a reliable source of energy.

So as the 18th century ended, coal which had previously been used in small amounts began to be increasingly use for the production of steam.

And steam was really important technology because it powered engines and furnaces.

Now coal also began to be used in the production of electricity and also in transport.

And it actually powered the first steam railway in 1825, which opened in 1825.

Now the combination of water and coal became vital because they allowed for the advent of steam engines.

And the first steam engine was actually created by Thomas Savery in 1698.

And his invention was basically a pump that used steam power to pump water out to flood the coal mines.

It was a common occurrence for coal mines to become flooded.

So his invention would pump that water out.

Now in order to meet the increased demand for coal deep shaft mines were dug all over Britain and consequently Coal increased pollution.

So there's a downside to this demand for coal.

So use the coal produce pollution.

This had a negative effect on the lives and the health of the population in towns and cities, but also mining coal was incredibly dangerous.

And there were many deaths and injuries in the mine and accidents.

Working conditions were really, really poor.

And children often made up a large part of the mining workforce because they were really small.

They're really nimble.

And they can get into spaces that others couldn't.

And as a result, the government took some actions and they passed this series of environmental and child protection laws to safeguard against those homes.

Now it's going to be sad that Britain, that coal and steam allowed Britain to become a global power because it allowed it to become a leader in production.

It allowed it to become a leader in transport.

They allowed it to become a military leader, but it also allowed it to establish trade connections with the world.

And they allowed it to establish a large empire that wouldn't have happened as easily if it wasn't for the Adventist team, which was powered by Coal.

So that's the reason why coal was so important during the industrial revolution.

Right? Let's move on to our final task.

And your final task is to read the summary of the information that I've just given you about the importance of coal and the industrial revolution.

And then you got to answer these four questions.

So question number one, you just got to fill in this section, you got to fill in the blank.

So what was the main source of in the 1700s? Question number two is; Name two things powered by steam during the industrial revolution? Question three , is what problems were created by the extraction and use of coal? Question number four is; why was steam power important to Britain's development? So key tips are read text at least two times, three times is really useful.

You can underline some key information you can circle it, You can highlight it, then read the questions and then check back in text because that's where the answers are going to be.

So at this point pause the video have a break, and then when you come back, we will go through the answers.

Great job.

Let's have a look at the answers.

Water was the main source of power in the 1700s Question number two; Name two things powered by steam during the industrial revolution.

So again, I'm trying to answer in full sentences.

So coal was used for the production of steam, which powered engines and furnaces that made iron Question number three is; what problems were created by the extraction and use of coal? So coal produced pollution which was harmful to people's health.

The mining of coal was incredibly dangerous, which led to injuries and death.

And then the last one, why was steam power important to Britain's development? My answer is that steam power turned Britain into a leader in production, transport, and trade which allowed it to establish a large empire.

So those are the answers to those four questions.

At this point pause the video and then check back, check your work.

Great job guys.

And that is the end of our lesson.

So well done gives us a pat at the back, you work really hard now it's time to complete your end of lesson quiz.

Again, that's going to just check your knowledge of what you have learned in this lesson, but also maybe some questions from previous lessons as well.

I hope you will enjoy the lesson.

I love these kinds of lessons because they combine a bit of geography, a bit of geology and a bit of history and they just make for some interesting learning well done.

I'm really proud of you in our next lesson, we're going to be learning about how resource exploitation can cause problems. So how the use and the extraction of natural resources can cause problems on, but that will be in our next lesson.

So thank most for joining me today.

I hope you had a lovely, lovely time and I shall see you next time.

Bye.