Lesson video

Hello again, my name is Miss Couves.

I hope you're having a lovely day learning lots of interesting things.

I'm going to be teaching you science today, which is great because science is my favourite subject.

Today we are going to learn about how the particles behave inside solids, liquids, and gases.

Let's get started.

Today, we will start by recapping our previous knowledge.

Then we will learn about what particles are and how they are arranged in solids, liquids, and gases.

Finally, we will learn about how the particles behave.

It is how the particles are arranged and how they behave that give them the properties that we have already learnt about.

Let's start by recapping our previous knowledge.

First, we learnt that there are three states of matter: solids, liquids, and gases.

We learnt that the properties of a solid are that they cannot be compressed, they do not flow, and they have a fixed shape.

We learnt that the properties of liquids are that they cannot be compressed, they can flow, and they take the shape of the bottom of their container.

What is the difference between the properties of a solid and the properties of a liquid? Liquids can flow but solids can't.

Liquids take the shape of the bottom of their container whereas solids have a fixed shape.

We also learnt the properties of gases.

Gases can be compressed, they can flow, and they can fill the shape of their container.

How are gases different to liquids? Gases are different to liquids because gases can be compressed, and rather than taking the shape of the bottom of their container, they fill the whole container.

Now we're going to learn about particles.

Particles are tiny, tiny bits of stuff that make up everything.

Scientists first discovered particles when they were looking at grains of sand.

Particles behave a little bit like grains of sand, but they are much, much, much smaller, so small that we can't actually see them.

Different substances are made of different types of particles.

What are different substances made from? Different substances are made of different types of particles.

Particles are arranged differently in solids, liquids, and gases.

What is the difference between solids, liquids, and gases? The difference between solids, liquids, and gases is that the particles are arranged differently.

Pause the video and write down what everything is made of.

Press play when you're ready to continue.

Everything is made of particles.

Particles are tiny bits of stuff that behave a bit like a grain of sand, but they're much, much, much smaller, so small that we cannot see them.

Now let's think about how the particles are arranged.

When water is in solid form, we call it ice.

What do we call solid water? Solid water is called ice.

When water is in the gas form, we call it water vapour or steam.

What do we call gaseous water? Water vapour or steam.

All three of these substances are made from the same type of particle called the water particle.

What particle is water, ice, and steam made from? Water, ice, and steam are all made from the water particle.

So if the particle is the same, why do these substances look so different? Well, it's because the particles are arranged in different ways.

Which particle is used to make ice, water, and steam? The water particle is used to make ice, water, and steam.

What is the difference between ice, water, and steam? The difference between ice, water, and steam is that the particles are arranged in a different way.

Let me show you how the particles are arranged.

Particles in a solid like ice are touching and arranged in ordered rows.

When I draw my particles, I always draw them as circles.

I make sure the circles are the same size and the same colour to show that they are the same particle.

Can you see how my two particles are the same size and the same colour? What does that show? Particles of the same size and the same colour are the same type of particle.

Particles in a solid are arranged in ordered rows and they are touching each other.

Can you see how I'm drawing all of my particles so that they touch each other? And they're arranged in ordered rows.

The particles are one below the other.

What two things do I know about particles in a solid? Particles in a solid are touching and they are arranged in ordered rows.

Pause the video now and have a go at drawing the particles in a solid.

Press play when you're ready to learn about liquids.

Particles in a liquid are also touching.

What particle is liquid water made from? The particle liquid water is made from is the water particle, the same particle as ice.

So I'm going to draw it the same size and the same colour.

Particles in water are touching, but they have a random arrangement.

They're no longer arranged in ordered rows.

Can you see how I'm drawing all of my particles so they touch, but they're no longer in an ordered row? What do we call the arrangement of liquid particles? We say that liquid particles have a random arrangement.

Particles in a liquid are touching and they have a random arrangement.

Pause the video and draw the particles in a liquid.

Press play when you're ready to learn about a gas.

Particles in a gas are not touching.

They are far apart from each other.

Particles in a gas are moving fast.

We use these lines to represent the fact the particles in a gas are moving fast.

The particles in water vapour are the same particles as in liquid water so I have drawn them the same size and the same colour.

Particles in a gas are not touching, and they are far apart.

Pause the video to draw a diagram of the particles in a gas.

Press play when you're ready to continue.

Which of these diagrams shows a solid? The first diagram for ice shows a solid because the particles are touching and arranged in ordered rows.

What is the difference between the particles in a liquid and the particles in a gas? The particles in a liquid are touching, whereas the particles in a gas are not touching and they are far apart.

Let's have a go at drawing some diagrams to represent the particles in some different materials.

Let's think about this substance: butter.

What do the particles in butter look like? Is butter a solid, a liquid, or a gas? Butter is a solid.

Should the particles touch? Butter is a solid and so the particles should be touching.

Should the particles be ordered? Butter is a solid so the particles in butter should be arranged in ordered rows.

Should the particles be moving fast? Butter is a solid, and so the particles are not moving fast.

They're vibrating on the spot.

Pause the video and have a go at drawing the particles in butter.

Press play when you're ready to continue.

The particles in butter look like this.

They are touching and arranged in ordered rows.

Let's have a go with two other substances.

What do the particles in juice look like? Is juice a solid, a liquid, or a gas? Should the particles touch? Should the particles be ordered? Should the particles be moving fast? Pause the video and have a go at drawing the particles in juice.

Press play when you're ready to continue.

The particles in juice look like this.

Juice is a liquid, and so the particles are touching but they have a random arrangement.

What do the particles in helium look like? Helium is a gas that is used to fill balloons.

Is the substance a solid, a liquid, or a gas? Should the particles touch? Should the particles be ordered? And should the particles be moving fast? Pause the video and have a go at drawing the particles in helium.

The particles in helium look like this.

They are not touching and far apart.

They move around very fast.

Pause the video and draw lines to match the description to the correct state of matter.

Press play when you're ready to see the answers.

In solids, particles are touching and in ordered rows.

In liquids, particles are touching and in a random arrangement.

In a gas, particles are far apart from each other.

Now we know how the particles are arranged, we are going to think about how the particles behave.

Is ice a solid, a liquid, or a gas? Ice is a solid.

Solid particles vibrate on the spot.

Show me solid particles.

Solid particles vibrate on the spot.

My turn, vibrate.

Your turn.

Liquid particles can slide past each other.

Show me what liquid particles do.

Liquid particles can slide past each other.

Gas particles move really fast in all directions.

Show me what gas particles do.

Gas particles move really fast in all directions.

Let's update our diagram.

How do solid particles behave? Solid particles vibrate on the spot.

How do liquid particles behave? Liquid particles can slide past each other.

How did gas particles behave? Gas particles move very fast in all directions.

Pause the video and write down any notes that you want to keep.

Press play when you're ready to continue.

Here are the diagrams that represent how particles are arranged in solids, liquids, and gases.

Can you remember which state of matter particles are moving very fast in all directions? Particles are moving very fast in all directions in gases.

How do the particles in juice behave? Option one, they are touching and vibrating on the spot.

Option two, they are touching and can slide past each other.

Option three, they are not touching and move very quickly in all directions.

Or options four, they are touching but not moving at all.

What do you think? Juice is a liquid, so the particles are touching but they can slide past each other.

How do the particles in butter behave? Option one, they are touching and vibrating on the spot.

Option two, they are touching but can slide past each other.

Option three, they are not touching and move very quickly in all directions.

Or option four, they are touching but not moving at all.

What do you think? Particles in butter are touching and vibrating on the spot because butter is a solid.

How do the particles in helium behave? Option one, they are touching and vibrating on the spot.

Option two, they are touching but can slide past each other.

Option three, they are not touching and move very quickly in all directions.

Option four, they are touching but not moving at all.

What do you think? The particles in helium are not touching and move very quickly in all directions because helium is a gas.

Pause the video and draw lines to match the description to the correct state of matter.

Press play when you're ready to continue.

Solid particles cannot move but vibrate on the spot.

Liquid particles can slide past each other.

And gas particles are moving constantly in all directions.

Well done for all of your hard work today.

You have learned so much about how particles are arranged and how they behave in solids, liquids, and gases.

I'm really looking forward to seeing all of your new knowledge as you complete the quiz.

See you next time!.