Observing the structure and distribution of stomata: practical
Lesson details
Learning outcome
I can use a light microscope to observe imprints of stomata and investigate their distribution on leaves.
Key learning points
- The parts of a light microscope and their functions.
- The sequence of steps for setting up a microscope to observe specimens, including changing the magnification and focus.
- The steps of applying nail varnish and clear sticky tape to a leaf surface, then observing imprints of stomata.
- Light microscopy can be used to observe and compare the density and distribution of stomata on different leaf surfaces.
- Explaining observations of stomatal density using ideas about transpiration and water loss.
Keywords
Light microscope - an instrument that uses visible light and lenses to magnify a viewed specimen
Lens - a glass or plastic disc that refracts light to increase magnification
Focus - to make an image sharper and clearer
Magnification - the number of times greater in size the viewed object is compared to its actual size
Stomata - pores in the leaf through which water, oxygen and carbon dioxide can diffuse
Common misconception
Thinking that plants have stomata in equal numbers on every surface of their leaves.
Through practical work and data analysis, pupils explore the distribution of stomata on the top and bottom surfaces of leaves.
Teacher tip
The first learning cycle can be omitted if pupils are already secure in their knowledge of how to set up and use a light microscope to view a specimen on a slide. The third learning cycle could be taught while pupils wait for nail varnish to dry on their leaves.
Equipment
light microscope, leaf, nail varnish and brush, clear sticky tape, microscope slide
Content guidance
Risk assessment required - equipment
Supervision
Adult supervision required
Licence
except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).Lesson video
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Prior knowledge starter quiz
6 Questions
Q1.Which process occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells?
Q2.A light is used to magnify small objects in the lab.
Q3.Which part of the plant cell is responsible for water loss regulation?
Q4.What is transpiration in plants?
Q5.Why is it important for stomata to be able to open and close?
Q6.Which gas is released by plants during photosynthesis?
Assessment exit quiz
6 Questions
Q1.What does the term 'magnification' mean in microscopy?
Q2.What is the purpose of using nail varnish in the stomata experiment?
Q3.Where are stomata more commonly found on a leaf?
Q4.How does stomatal density relate to a plant's environment?
Q5.Calculate the stomatal density if 20 stomata are found in an area of 0.1 mm².
Q6.If a plant has a stomatal density of 100 stomata per mm² and the leaf area is 10 mm², how many stomata are on the leaf?
To help you plan your 11 biology lesson on: Observing the structure and distribution of stomata: practical, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...
To help you plan your 11 biology lesson on: Observing the structure and distribution of stomata: practical, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs.
The starter quiz will activate and check your pupils' prior knowledge, with versions available both with and without answers in PDF format.
We use learning cycles to break down learning into key concepts or ideas linked to the learning outcome. Each learning cycle features explanations with checks for understanding and practice tasks with feedback. All of this is found in our slide decks, ready for you to download and edit. The practice tasks are also available as printable worksheets and some lessons have additional materials with extra material you might need for teaching the lesson.
The assessment exit quiz will test your pupils' understanding of the key learning points.
Our video is a tool for planning, showing how other teachers might teach the lesson, offering helpful tips, modelled explanations and inspiration for your own delivery in the classroom. Plus, you can set it as homework or revision for pupils and keep their learning on track by sharing an online pupil version of this lesson.
Explore more key stage 4 biology lessons from the Transport and exchange surfaces in plants unit, dive into the full secondary biology curriculum, or learn more about lesson planning.