New
New
Year 11
Edexcel
Foundation

Identifying unknown substances (including barium)

I can conduct ion identification tests using flow charts, and accurately record observations to ensure correct and safe lab practices.

New
New
Year 11
Edexcel
Foundation

Identifying unknown substances (including barium)

I can conduct ion identification tests using flow charts, and accurately record observations to ensure correct and safe lab practices.

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Lesson details

Key learning points

  1. Unique tests for each substance help minimise errors and ensure correct identification.
  2. Flow charts break down complex activities into ordered sets of simpler steps, crucial for efficient ion identification.
  3. Observations and results should be recorded accurately for analysis during the practical.

Keywords

  • Precipitate - An insoluble solid formed when two solutions react together.

  • Ion - An ion is an atom or group of atoms with a positive or negative charge due to the loss or gain of electrons.

  • Cation - A positively charged ion.

  • Anion - A negatively charged ion.

Common misconception

All tests for ions are interchangeable and can be used in any order without affecting the outcome.

Clarify that each test is specific and must be conducted in a particular order to avoid interference. For example, testing for sulfates before halides can prevent false positives caused by overlapping precipitates, ensuring accurate identification.

Emphasise the importance of following a structured approach, like using flow charts, to outline the sequence of tests. This helps prevent errors and ensures students systematically record observations, leading to accurate analysis and conclusions.
Teacher tip

Equipment

Test tubes, racks, Bunsen burner, test tube holders, AgNO₃, HNO₃, BaCl₂, HCl, NaOH, limewater, splints, distilled water, unknown samples (CaCl₂, CaSO₄, FeCl₂, K₂CO₃, KI), and flame test apparatus.

Content guidance

  • Risk assessment required - chemicals
  • Risk assessment required - equipment

Supervision

Adult supervision required

Licence

This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2024), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

Lesson video

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6 Questions

Q1.
What are the basic units of matter?
Correct answer: atoms
compounds
elements
molecules
Q2.
What are elements made of?
different compounds
Correct answer: only one type of atom
two or more atoms
a mixture of substances
Q3.
What forms when two or more elements chemically combine?
atoms
Correct answer: compounds
elements
mixtures
Q4.
What occurs during a chemical reaction?
atoms are created
elements are destroyed
Correct answer: atoms are rearranged to form new substances
electrons disappear
Q5.
What is the purpose of the periodic table?
To display chemical reactions.
To list elements alphabetically.
Correct answer: To organise elements based on their properties.
To identify unknown substances.
Q6.
What information does the atomic number of an element provide?
The number of neutrons in the nucleus.
The total number of particles in the atom.
Correct answer: The number of protons in the nucleus.
Correct answer: The number of electrons in a neutral atom.

6 Questions

Q1.
What colour flame does sodium produce in a flame test?
green
blue
Correct answer: yellow
lilac
Q2.
What does a white precipitate indicate in a precipitation reaction?
increase in temperature
Correct answer: presence of certain metal ions
release of gas
formation of a new acid
Q3.
Flow charts help in chemical analysis by ...
Correct answer: breaking down complex procedures into simpler steps.
measuring solutions.
recording observations.
identifying unknown substances.
Q4.
What is an important practice when recording observations?
using abbreviations
Correct answer: using tables and charts
writing in paragraphs
only recording significant results
Q5.
What is the purpose of accurate observation in chemical analysis?
Correct answer: To ensure correct identification of substances.
To speed up the experiment.
To use more chemicals.
To avoid using hazardous materials.
Q6.
What should be recorded during a flame test?
The duration of the test.
The temperature of the flame.
The shape of the flame.
Correct answer: The colour of the flame.