Neurones and synapses
I can describe the structures and functions of neurones and the synapses between neurones.
Neurones and synapses
I can describe the structures and functions of neurones and the synapses between neurones.
Lesson details
Key learning points
- Neurones are specialised cells that transmit nerve impulses
- The common structures of neurones, including cell body and axon
- A myelin sheath on some neurones increases the speed of the nerve impulse
- Nerve impulses pass from one neurone to another across a gap called a synapse
- An impulse arriving at a synapse releases neurotransmitters that diffuse across the gap to receptors on the next neurone
Keywords
Neurone - A nerve cell which transmits electrical impulses between different parts of the body.
Axon - The part of a neurone which carries the signal.
Myelin sheath - A fatty coating on the neurone which insulates it.
Synapse - The junction between two neurones.
Neurotransmitter - A chemical transmitter which crosses the synapse and triggers the onward response.
Common misconception
There is usually a lot of confusion over the synapse and how the signal moves from electrical, to chemical, to electrical again. There are many new key words involved, which makes it even harder.
The synapse has been broken down into several stages with clear diagrams and carefully used key words. There are plenty of opportunities to practise using the terminology and explaining the process, including applying it to a real-world scenario.
Equipment
None required.
Licence
This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2024), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).
Lesson video
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Starter quiz
6 Questions
Cells that detect a change in the environment.
A change in the environment.
A nerve cell which transmits electrical impulses.
A muscle or gland which carries out a response.
Exit quiz
6 Questions
dendron
cell body
axon
Transmits electrical impulses between neurones within the CNS.
Transmits electrical impulses from the receptor to the CNS.
Transmits electrical impulses from the CNS to the effector.
