New
New
Year 4

Comma rules in three sentence types

I can use the comma for a range of purposes in three different sentence structures.

New
New
Year 4

Comma rules in three sentence types

I can use the comma for a range of purposes in three different sentence structures.

Lesson details

Key learning points

  1. A comma is written before "but" or "or" co-ordinating conjunctions in a compound sentence.
  2. If the adverbial clause is first in an adverbial complex sentence, it is followed by a comma before the main clause.
  3. If the main clause is first in an adverbial complex sentence, it is not followed by a comma before the adverbial clause.
  4. Commas are often used to demarcate clauses in compound and complex sentence structures.
  5. Commas may be found in a simple sentence for other purposes than clause demarcation.

Common misconception

Pupils may believe that commas indicate a 'pause' in sentences, or 'taking a breath'.

Commas have a number of specific functions, several of which are covered in this lesson.

Keywords

  • Co-ordinating conjunction - a word that joins two main clauses to form a compound sentence

  • Comma - a punctuation mark used before "but" or "or" co-ordinating conjunctions in a compound sentence

  • Adverbial clause - a type of subordinate clause that starts with a subordinating conjunction

  • Subordinating conjunction - a word that starts an adverbial clause

  • Comma - a punctuation mark used to demarcate the first adverbial clause from the second main clause in an adverbial complex sentence

Display the comma rules in the classroom so that children can refer to them in their writing across the curriculum.
Teacher tip

Licence

This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2024), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

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6 Questions

Q1.
Which two of the following words are nouns?
beautiful
Correct answer: hill
Correct answer: boots
heavy
Q2.
Which two of the following words are adjectives?
Correct answer: boggy
Correct answer: dark
bog
darkness
Q3.
Which two of the following are expanded noun phrases?
ran quickly
Correct answer: a small, blue tent
cautiously waited
Correct answer: the long, steep hill
Q4.
Co-ordinating conjunctions join together two main clauses in a compound sentence. Which three of the following are co-ordinating conjunctions?
because
Correct answer: but
Correct answer: or
Correct answer: and
when
Q5.
Where is the top of a comma placed when we are writing on lines?
below the line
Correct answer: on the line
just above the line
high above the line
Q6.
Which word in this adverbial complex sentence is the subordinating conjunction? 'We all cheered when we were given extra playtime.'
we
cheered
Correct answer: when
were

6 Questions

Q1.
Which two co-ordinating conjunctions always need a comma before them in a compound sentence?
and
Correct answer: but
Correct answer: or
Q2.
Which compound sentence is punctuated correctly?
The room was silent, and we all held our breath.
Correct answer: It was the middle of the night, but we could see by the light of the moon.
We knew we had to continue or it we would never make it in time.
Q3.
Match the first main clause to the second main clause to create a compound sentence.
Correct Answer:It was time to go home,, but the teacher kept us waiting.

, but the teacher kept us waiting.

Correct Answer:We ran to the lunch hall,and we wolfed down our food.

and we wolfed down our food.

Correct Answer:It would either work perfectly,, or it would be a total disaster.

, or it would be a total disaster.

Q4.
Which of these adverbial complex sentences is punctuated correctly?
As the sun rose the cockerel crowed loudly.
The cockerel crowed loudly, as the sun rose.
Correct answer: As the sun rose, the cockerel crowed loudly.
As the sun rose the cockerel, crowed loudly.
Q5.
What have the commas been used for in this sentence? 'When the storm was over, the cold, shivering animals crept out of hiding.'
to separate two main clauses
Correct answer: to separate an adverbial clause and a main clause
Correct answer: to separate two adjectives in an expanded noun phrase
to separate a list of nouns
Q6.
What have the commas been used for in this sentence? 'Jun didn't buy anything, but Sofia bought crisps, chocolate and a drink.'
to separate an adverbial clause and a main clause
to separate two adjectives in an expanded noun phrase
Correct answer: to separate a list of nouns
Correct answer: to separate two main clauses