New
New
Year 8

Maya Angelou’s influences: exploring ‘Sympathy’ by Paul Laurence Dunbar

I can explore the poem 'Sympathy' and use it, and the poem 'Caged Bird', to inspire my own writing.

New
New
Year 8

Maya Angelou’s influences: exploring ‘Sympathy’ by Paul Laurence Dunbar

I can explore the poem 'Sympathy' and use it, and the poem 'Caged Bird', to inspire my own writing.

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Lesson details

Key learning points

  1. Angelou was inspired to write 'Caged Bird' after reading a poem called 'Sympathy' by Paul Laurence Dunbar (1872-1906).
  2. Inspired by Dunbar, Angelou relies on the extended metaphor of a bird in a cage to present discrimination and injustice.
  3. Like Angelou, you can be inspired by texts you have read.
  4. A single paragraph outline is a way of planning a paragraph.
  5. First and final sentences of a single paragraph outline are written in full; supporting detail is written in note form.

Keywords

  • Extended metaphor - a detailed comparison which develops one idea over a number of lines, paragraphs or stanzas

  • Persistent - continuing to do something even when it is difficult

  • Methods - the tools a writer uses to create their work; extended metaphor is one example

  • Single paragraph outline - a way of planning a paragraph by writing the first and final sentences in full, and developing the detail of the paragraph in note form

Common misconception

Angelou copied Dunbar. Copying is not allowed.

Many writers learn from, and are inspired by, others. Angelou's poem is very different to Dunbar's - her personal style and voice come through - but the central metaphor 'speaks' from one poem to another, developing a relationship between them.

Consider how long your pupils will need to plan and write their creative piece in Learning Cycle 2 and work out the timings of the other activities from there. The focus of this lesson is not analysis. Rather, pupils will show their understanding of both poems through their own creative writing.
Teacher tip

Equipment

You need access to a copy of 'Caged Bird' by Maya Angelou published by Penguin Random House in 1983. You will also need access to a copy of 'Sympathy' by Paul Laurence Dunbar (additional materials).

Content guidance

  • Depiction or discussion of discriminatory behaviour
  • Depiction or discussion of sexual content
  • Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

Supervision

Adult supervision required

Licence

This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2024), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

Lesson video

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6 Questions

Q1.
Maya Angelou wrote a poem called 'Caged '. ('Single poet study: Maya Angelou')
Correct Answer: Bird
Q2.
Match each of these perspectives to their definitions ('Single poet study: Maya Angelou').
Correct Answer:first person ,narrator is a character, using pronouns like 'I' and 'me'

narrator is a character, using pronouns like 'I' and 'me'

Correct Answer:second person ,narrator speaks directly to the reader, using pronouns like 'you'

narrator speaks directly to the reader, using pronouns like 'you'

Correct Answer:third person ,narrator isn’t a character; uses pronouns like 'he', 'they' etc.

narrator isn’t a character; uses pronouns like 'he', 'they' etc.

Q3.
Match each method to its definition ('Single poet study: Maya Angelou').
Correct Answer:extended metaphor,a comparison that's developed over a number of lines

a comparison that's developed over a number of lines

Correct Answer:repetition,the purposeful recurrence of a word or phrase

the purposeful recurrence of a word or phrase

Correct Answer:contrast,when things are considered side by side to emphasise their differences

when things are considered side by side to emphasise their differences

Correct Answer:alliteration,when two or more words close by start with the same letter or sound

when two or more words close by start with the same letter or sound

Q4.
Match each word to its definition ('Single poet study: Maya Angelou').
Correct Answer:persistent,the ability to keep doing something even when it is difficult

the ability to keep doing something even when it is difficult

Correct Answer:oppression,the unjust treatment of an individual or group

the unjust treatment of an individual or group

Correct Answer:soar,to fly high in the air

to fly high in the air

Correct Answer:belittle,to treat someone as if they are unimportant or insignificant

to treat someone as if they are unimportant or insignificant

Q5.
What were the Jim Crow laws? ('Single poet study: Maya Angelou')
laws which legalised segregation by gender
laws which legalised segregation by nationality
laws which legalised segregation by religion
Correct answer: laws which legalised segregation by race
Q6.
What is the final word of Maya Angelou's 'Caged Bird'? ('Single poet study: Maya Angelou')
"bird"
"sings"
Correct answer: "freedom"
"caged"
"song"

6 Questions

Q1.
Maya Angelou was inspired to write 'Caged Bird' by Paul Laurence Dunbar's poem ' '. ('Single poet study: Maya Angelou')
Correct Answer: Sympathy
Q2.
Match each section of the single paragraph outline to its purpose ('Single poet study: Maya Angelou').
Correct Answer:topic sentence ,first sentence of a paragraph stating its main idea (full sentence)

first sentence of a paragraph stating its main idea (full sentence)

Correct Answer:supporting detail ,ideas, methods key vocabulary for your paragraph (note form)

ideas, methods key vocabulary for your paragraph (note form)

Correct Answer:concluding sentence ,final sentence in your paragraph summing up main ideas (full sentence)

final sentence in your paragraph summing up main ideas (full sentence)

Q3.
The first line of Paul Laurence Dunbar's poem 'Sympathy' is "I know what the caged bird feels, alas!" What perspective is this written in? ('Single poet study: Maya Angelou')
Correct answer: first person
second person
third person
Q4.
What is true of Paul Laurence Dunbar? ('Single poet study: Maya Angelou')
he was British, born in the 19th century
Correct answer: he inspired Maya Angelou
Correct answer: he experienced racial discrimination
his work was discovered after his death
he wrote 'Caged Bird'
Q5.
Which sentences use the word persistent, or its forms, correctly? ('Single poet study: Maya Angelou')
Correct answer: I gave up after a while – it seemed useless to persist.
She is unpersistent. If you tell her to stop, she will.
Correct answer: If you persist in leaning on the back of your chair, you will eventually fall.
Correct answer: I had a persistent cough for about three weeks. It was annoying.
Q6.
What are some of the differences between Dunbar's poem 'Sympathy' and Angelou's 'Caged Bird'? ('Single poet study: Maya Angelou')
Correct answer: Angelou contrasts the bird in the cage to a bird that is free.
Angelou uses repetition; Dunbar doesn't.
Correct answer: Angelou uses third person; Dunbar uses first person.
Angelou writes in stanzas; Dunbar writes in paragraphs.

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