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Year 11
AQA

'A Christmas Carol': Dickens’ depictions of Victorian values

I can analyse how Dickens’ depiction of Scrooge in Stave 1 and 5 critiques common Victorian values.

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New
New
Year 11
AQA

'A Christmas Carol': Dickens’ depictions of Victorian values

I can analyse how Dickens’ depiction of Scrooge in Stave 1 and 5 critiques common Victorian values.

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Lesson details

Key learning points

  1. Many Victorians embodied the personal values of individualism, self-reliance and a ‘Protestant' work ethic.
  2. Scrooge embodies these values in Stave 1; he is depicted as “tight-fisted”, refusing to help Bob or donate to charity.
  3. Dickens critiques these values when he describes Scrooge as a “sinner”, suggesting ruthless frugality is immoral.
  4. In Stave 5, Scrooge embodies the opposite values: compassion, generosity, humility and integrity.
  5. Dickens uses parallels between Stave 1 and 5 to emphasise the scale of Scrooge’s redemption.

Keywords

  • Frugal - careful and economical with resources, avoiding waste or unnecessary expenditure

  • Protestant - a branch of Christianity which focused on frugality, hard work, discipline, and personal responsibility

  • Personal values - fundamental beliefs guiding an individual's behaviour, decisions, and interactions with others

  • Utilitarian - belief that actions are right if they benefit the majority and maximise overall happiness

  • Critique - a detailed evaluation or analysis, often focusing on weaknesses

Common misconception

Wealthy Victorians did feel bad about those living in poverty but had no power to do anything about it.

Many wealthy Victorians felt little sympathy for the poor, believing instead that people in poverty were lazy or morally inferior.

Task B asks pupils to draw important links between 'old Scrooge' (Stave 1) and 'changed Scrooge' (Stave 5) using a table. You may consider taking a creative approach to this task by encouraging students to roleplay a conversation between both Scrooges discussing the events of Stave 1 instead.
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Teacher tip

Equipment

You will need access to specific extracts from Stave 5 of 'A Christmas Carol'. They can be found in the additional materials section of the lesson.

Content guidance

  • Depiction or discussion of discriminatory behaviour
  • Depiction or discussion of peer pressure or bullying

Supervision

Adult supervision recommended

Licence

This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2024), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

Lesson video

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6 Questions

Q1.
In Victorian London, over 30% of the population were living in ...
mansions
Correct answer: poverty
middle-class homes
workhouses
Q2.
Wealthy Victorian life was characterised by ...
Correct answer: luxury, large homes and a focus on social status.
overcrowding, poor sanitation and low wages.
agricultural work and rural living.
charity work and supporting those in need.
Q3.
Why might writers use repetition?
Correct answer: to emphasise key ideas and enhance rhythm
to avoid confusion
to reduce the length of the text
to introduce new themes
Q4.
What is 'redemption'?
a process of financial investment
a method of political reform
a term for personal failure
Correct answer: the act of saving or being saved from sin, error or evil
Q5.
Which of these events takes place in Stave 1 of 'A Christmas Carol'?
Correct answer: People avoid Scrooge in the street and don't want to talk to him.
Correct answer: Scrooge refuses to donate to charity collectors.
Scrooge embraces Christmas spirit at Fred's party.
Scrooge raises Bob Cratchit's salary.
Q6.
What is the central message of 'A Christmas Carol'?
wealth and success are the keys to happiness
Correct answer: compassion, generosity and social responsibility can lead to happiness
Christmas is a time for isolation and reflection
hard work guarantees financial prosperity

6 Questions

Q1.
Which of the following best defines 'self-reliance'?
depending on others for support
prioritising teamwork over individual efforts
Correct answer: the ability to depend on oneself
sharing resources with the community
Q2.
Which quote from 'A Christmas Carol' reflects Scrooge’s individualism?
"He became as good a friend ..."
Correct answer: "It’s enough for a man to understand his own business ..."
"Darkness is cheap, and Scrooge liked it."
"A poor excuse for picking a man’s pocket ..."
Q3.
Which action in Stave 5 of 'A Christmas Carol' shows Scrooge embracing collectivism?
Correct answer: sending a Christmas turkey to the Cratchits
turning down a Christmas invitation
refusing to donate to charity
taking time to appreciate his local area on a walk
Q4.
In this quote taken from Stave 1 of 'A Christmas Carol': "A squeezing, wrenching, grasping, scraping, clutching, covetous old sinner," what is Dickens critiquing?
the joy of Christmas
Correct answer: the 'Protestant' work ethic
Scrooge's wealth
Victorian fashion
Q5.
How might wealthy Victorian readers interpret 'A Christmas Carol' differently from poor readers?
as a story of hope and salvation
as a guide to financial success
as a critique of working-class struggles
Correct answer: as a criticism of their neglect of the poor
Q6.
How does Scrooge embrace community spirit in Stave 5 of 'A Christmas Carol'?
by working harder than ever
by shutting down his business
Correct answer: by attending Fred's Christmas party
by searching for Belle to rekindle their relationship

Additional material

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