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      Understanding the poem 'Before You Were Mine' by Carol Ann Duffy

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can explain how Duffy presents the life-changing responsibilities of parenthood.

      Key learning points

      1. The speaker is initially looking at a photo and reminiscing about their mother’s life before she had children.
      2. The mother's life seemed glamorous, rebellious and full of promise before the speaker was born.
      3. The speaker feels her birth made her mother's life more mundane due to the responsibilities of parenthood.
      4. Duffy is a feminist writer who often criticises conventional and restrictive roles for women.
      5. This poem is semi-autobiographical, based on photographs of Duffy’s mother as a young woman.

      Keywords

      • Mundane - ordinary, lacking excitement or interest

      • Feminist - advocating for the social, political, and economic rights of women

      • Semi- autobiographical - partially based on the author's own life experiences, events, or perspectives

      • Alluring - attractive in a mysterious or tempting way; captivating and seductive

      • Relic - an object surviving from a past era, often with historical, cultural, or sentimental significance

      Common misconception

      The speaker explains how having children ruined her mother's life.

      While Duffy does explore how motherhood has contributed to her mother's loss of confidence and freedom, the final stanza of the poem shows them both having fun together so it is evident that there are many positive aspects to motherhood as well.

      Teacher tip

      Encourage students to choose a stanza and draw the image (or 'photograph') it is describing.

      Equipment

      You will need access to the poem 'Before You Were Mine' by Carol Ann Duffy. This can be found in the AQA Love and Relationships Poetry Anthology.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of discriminatory behaviour

      Supervision

      Adult supervision recommended

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which of these words could you use to describe the relationship between a mother and their child?

      Correct answer: historical
      romantic
      Correct answer: familial
      professional

      Q2.
      Why is it important to consider the wider context of a poem in your analysis of it?

      it gives the impression that you know a lot more about the poem
      it allows you to use lots of advanced vocabulary
      Correct answer: it can give important insights into the writer's intentions/attitudes
      it means you don't have to include as many quotations from the text
      it indicates you which other poems you could compare it to

      Q3.
      Which of these words is an example of a possessive pronoun?

      you
      under
      they
      Correct answer: mine
      before

      Q4.
      Which of these words means 'associated with a caring, nurturing significant mother'?

      paternal
      matriarch
      patriarch
      Correct answer: maternal
      matricide

      Q5.
      Which of these sentences is in the second person?

      I'm getting too old for this
      Correct answer: You should think carefully about your next steps
      He was excited for the trip to France
      We should go out for pizza
      They were never too tired to play video games

      Q6.
      Which of these is a synonym for 'not afraid to break the rules'?

      retrospective
      chaotic
      obedient
      authoritative
      Correct answer: rebellious

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What does the word 'feminist' mean?

      a female writer who writes about female characters
      a male writer who writes about female characters
      Correct answer: advocating for the social and political rights of women
      someone who believes that women are superior to men

      Q2.
      Which word in the title 'Before You Were Mine' is a possessive pronoun?

      Before
      You
      Were
      Correct answer: Mine

      Q3.
      Duffy has admitted that 'Before You Were Mine' is partly based on her mother and her own childhood memories, so it is an example of writing.

      Correct Answer: semi-autobiographical, semi autobiographical

      Q4.
      What does the word 'alluring' mean?

      beautiful and fragile
      carefree and fun
      Correct answer: captivating and seductive
      angry and jealous
      bold and confident

      Q5.
      Which of these words from 'Before You Were Mine' suggest Duffy's mother's glamorous lifestyle is a thing of the past now she has children?

      "possessive"
      Correct answer: "relics"
      "clatters"
      "lights"
      "sweetheart"

      Q6.
      Which word from the last stanza of 'Before You Were Mine' emphasises how mundane Duffy's mother's life is now she has children?

      Correct answer: "Mass"
      "stars"
      "pavement"
      "bold"
      "Portobello"

      To help you plan your 10 English lesson on: Understanding the poem 'Before You Were Mine' by Carol Ann Duffy, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...