Inferences rely on things that haven’t been explicitly stated but hinted at or suggested.
Embedded quotations should be part of the sentence, short and relevant.
Using synonyms of ‘suggests’ and ‘shows’ can help create an effective summary.
Arguably, an effective summary relies on inferences and embedded evidence for the inferences.

Keywords

Summarise - to express the most important ideas about something in a short and clear form
Embedded - when referring to quotations, if a quotation is embedded then it is included in your own sentence
Inference - a conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning
Implicit - suggested though not directly expressed
Explicit - stated clearly and in detail, leaving no room for confusion or doubt

Common misconception

Pupils sometimes think that using long quotations offers the best evidence for your point.

Using short, embedded quotations is the most effective way of evidencing your ideas.

It would be useful for pupils to share their inferences so that they can see how people have reached their conclusions based on the evidence from the quotations.

Teacher tip

Equipment

You will need a copy of 'My Struggle with a Tiger' and 'Gorilla recaptured after escape at London zoo' which are available in the additional materials.

Content guidance

Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

Supervision

Adult supervision required

Licence

This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2024), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

Lesson video

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Worksheet

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Starter quiz

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6 Questions

Q1.

Andeep attended a football match at his school. He then wrote up his experience for the school newspaper. As such it is a...

Correct answer: first-hand account.

second-hand account.

review.

Q2.

Aisha is writing an article for the school newspaper. She is writing about the grand opening - which she didn't personally attend - of a new local shopping centre. As such, her article is a ....

first-hand account.

Correct answer: second-hand account.

eyewitness account.

third-hand account.

Q3.

'Something stated clearly and directly, leaving no room for doubt or confusion.' What adjective is being described here?

Correct Answer: explicit

Q4.

Which of the below is the correct definition of 'implicit'?

Correct answer: Something suggested but not communicated directly.

Something stated clearly and directly, leaving no room for doubt or confusion.

Something with a clearly identifiable emotion e.g. anger.

Q5.

Which of the below is the best definition of 'to summarise'?

Correct answer: to express the most important ideas about something in a short and clear form

to express the most engaging ideas about something in a short and clear form

to express the most emotive ideas about something in a short and clear form

to express the most entertaining ideas about something in a short and clear form

Q6.

If a quotation is embedded in your analysis, what does this mean?

It is broken up and divided throughout a paragraph.

It revisited several times in a paragraph.

Correct answer: It is included within your own analysis and not presented separately.

It is used in your introduction, main body and conclusion.

Exit quiz

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6 Questions

Q1.

'A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning' is the definition of which word beginning with 'I'?

Correct Answer: inference

Q2.

Match the description with the inference we could make about it.

Correct Answer:A boy carrying an open umbrella.,It's raining.

It's raining.

Correct Answer:A boy wearing sunglasses.,The sun is shining.

The sun is shining.

Correct Answer:A boy wearing a hat and gloves.,It's cold.

It's cold.

Q3.

A quotation that has been made part of your sentence is an quotation.

Correct Answer: embedded

Q4.

Which of the following contains the best example of an effective embedded quotation?

Correct answer: The keeper giving the gorilla "treats" implies care and compassion.

“hit the tiger three tremendous blows over the eyes”. This shows a lack of care.

The image of “the iron bars in front of the den” suggests care and enrichment.

Q5.

'To express the most important ideas about something in a short and clear form' is to .

Correct Answer: summarise

Q6.

Which of the following should apply to our use of evidence from a text when including it in a written response?

Correct answer: It should be as precise as possible.

Correct answer: It should be embedded within your analysis.

Correct answer: It should be brief.

It should be detailed.

It should include information from the beginning more than the end.

Additional material

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