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Year 11
Eduqas

Considering openings, cohesion, and endings to structure an effective argument

I can use a range of structural devices to engage my reader from beginning to end.

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New
New
Year 11
Eduqas

Considering openings, cohesion, and endings to structure an effective argument

I can use a range of structural devices to engage my reader from beginning to end.

Download all resources
Share activities with pupils

Lesson details

Key learning points

  1. Viewpoint does not need to be established in the first sentence but should become apparent quickly
  2. Mirroring of start and ending is an effective way to create cohesion in writing
  3. Refer back to previous anecdotes, examples or ideas to connect paragraphs

Common misconception

Students may feel that their viewpoint needs to be established in the very first line or so.

Viewpoint can be alluded to in the first few lines and firmly established at the end of the first paragraph or section.

Keywords

  • Inebriated - Being inebriated means being drunk or intoxicated.

  • Self-gratifying - Self-gratification is the act of doing something you want or getting something you want.

  • Flout - To flout a rule is to openly disregard or disobey it.

  • Malefactor - A malefactor is a person who commits a crime or behaves immorally.

  • Deface - To deface something is to damage and spoil its appearance.

Ask students to annotate the model answer in three different colours when analysing parts of it: one for learning cycle 1, one for learning cycle 2 and one for learning cycle 3. This will give them clearer notes.
Teacher tip

Equipment

You will need access to a copy of the model answer used for this lesson. It's available in the additional materials.

Content guidance

  • Depiction or discussion of sensitive content

Supervision

Adult supervision recommended

Licence

This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2024), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

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Starter quiz

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6 Questions

Q1.
Which of the following is a structural device?
alliteration
simile
Correct answer: mirroring
onomatopoeia
personification
Q2.
When structuring a piece of writing, each paragraph has a specific purpose. Match the paragraph to its purpose.
Correct Answer:introduction,reveal the topic, give your opinion

reveal the topic, give your opinion

Correct Answer:first paragraph,give the first reason for your opinion

give the first reason for your opinion

Correct Answer:second paragraph,give the second reason for your opinion

give the second reason for your opinion

Correct Answer:third paragraph,give the third reason for your opinion

give the third reason for your opinion

Correct Answer:conclusion,restate your opinion and call your audience to action

restate your opinion and call your audience to action

Q3.
Which of the following forms would require you to engage directly with your audience?
letter
article
report
Correct answer: speech
Q4.
Which of the following techniques can you use to engage with your reader or audience?
Correct answer: flattery
alliteration
Correct answer: direct address
Correct answer: rhetorical question
anaphora
Q5.
A sentence written from a personal perspective, using I pronouns, is written in person.
Correct Answer: first, First, First.
Q6.
Which of these is the most persuasive?
It is my firm belief that women everywhere should have equal rights.
I think that women everywhere should have equal rights.
Correct answer: Women everywhere are entitled to equal rights.
In my opinion, women should have equal rights.

Exit quiz

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6 Questions

Q1.
Which of the following can you do to create an engaging opening?
Correct answer: reveal the topic gradually
Correct answer: include a shift in tone
reveal your viewpoint in the first sentence
Correct answer: use emotive language to create empathy
Q2.
What does 'cohesion across a text' mean? Pick the most appropriate answer.
the whole text making sense to the reader, so that the message is conveyed
the whole text having a beginning, middle and end - each section being distinct
Correct answer: the whole text being a united piece, in which one paragraph supports another
the whole text has only one idea that is carried throughout
Q3.
Which of the following can be used as a synonym for 'criminal?'
malnourished
malpractice
Correct answer: malefactor
malevolent
malarky
Q4.
A call to action can be used to tell the reader...
Correct answer: exactly how to help the writer's cause
what the writer has done so far to help the cause
further information about the writer's actions
who can help the writer in their cause
Q5.
Which of the following are effective ways of creating cohesion across a text?
using a simile
using direct address
Correct answer: referring back to previous ideas
opening with a hook
Correct answer: mirroring
Q6.
Which of these is the least engaging opening?
Picture this: it's 8pm on a freezing, frigid night. You're cold, you're tired...
Have you ever found yourself without a roof over your head?
Correct answer: I am here to discuss the crisis of homelessness with you...
Imagine having no warm bed to clamber into after a long, hard day...

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