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Year 9

Glacier formation

I can explain what glaciers are, how they form and why they move.

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New
New
Year 9

Glacier formation

I can explain what glaciers are, how they form and why they move.

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These resources were created for remote use during the pandemic and are not designed for classroom teaching.

Lesson details

Key learning points

  1. Glaciers are large slow-moving rivers of ice.
  2. The frozen parts of our planet are collectively known as the cryosphere.
  3. Glaciers are made up of snow and ice that has been compressed over many years.
  4. Glaciers begin to move under the force of gravity.

Keywords

  • Cryosphere - the frozen parts of our planet

  • Glacier - a huge accumulation of ice and snow that moves slowly over land down slope under the force of gravity

  • Gravity - the force by which a planet, or other large body, draws objects to its centre

Common misconception

Glaciers are made of salt water

Glaciers are made of fresh water from snow and rain


To help you plan your year 9 geography lesson on: Glacier formation, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...

Use a GIS and use the term 'glacier' in the search to investigate parts of the world that are frozen.
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Licence

This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

Lesson video

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6 Questions

Q1.
During which period were winters especially harsh and some rivers in Europe froze?
Correct answer: Little Ice Age
Current Warming Period
Medieval Warm Period
Industrial Revolution
Q2.
What is one reason why global cooling can occur?
more sunlight reaching Earth
an increase in the burning of fossil fuels
more sunlight reaching Earth
an increase in greenhouse gases
Correct answer: volcanic eruptions releasing particles into the atmosphere
Q3.
What is a key effect of global warming on oceans?
Correct answer: rising sea levels
oceans becoming colder
more ice forming in the Arctic
a decrease in storm activity
Q4.
How did the ice sheets affect the land in the UK?
They built mountains out of rock.
They melted without changing the landscape.
Correct answer: They carved valleys, lakes, and hills.
They made the soil sandy and dry.
Q5.
What happened when the climate began to warm 19 000 years ago?
The ice sheets grew larger.
Sea levels dropped.
Correct answer: The ice sheets melted, and sea levels rose.
Q6.
What happened to animal and plant life after the Ice Age?
It completely disappeared from the UK.
New species couldn’t grow because the land was too dry.
Correct answer: New plant and animal life moved in as the climate warmed.

4 Questions

Q1.
What percentage of Earth's land area is currently covered by glaciers?
75%
50%
25%
Correct answer: 10%
Q2.
Where is the Mer de Glace located?
Correct answer: the French Alps
the Andes Mountains
the Rocky Mountains
the Himalayas
Q3.
How long can it take for snow to turn into glacier ice?
a few days
Correct answer: centuries
one winter season
Q4.
What role does meltwater play in glacier movement?
Correct answer: It lubricates the base, helping the glacier to slide.
It creates cracks that break the glacier apart.
It evaporates, leaving the glacier dry.