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Year 8

An exchange: 'haben' and 'sein', 'Sie' vs 'du', infinitive clauses with 'zu'

I can distinguish between and use 'du', 'Sie' (you) and 'sie' (they), and use two-verb structures with 'zu' plus infinitive.

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Year 8

An exchange: 'haben' and 'sein', 'Sie' vs 'du', infinitive clauses with 'zu'

I can distinguish between and use 'du', 'Sie' (you) and 'sie' (they), and use two-verb structures with 'zu' plus infinitive.

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Lesson details

Vocabulary and transcripts for this lessons

Key learning points

  1. Use 'du' (you, singular) for a friend, family member, person you know well, and 'Sie' for adults you address by surname.
  2. 'Sie' (you, formal) is written with a capital letter, but 'sie' (they) starts with lowercase.
  3. If 'Sie' begins a sentence (and hence has a capital letter) use other clues to help decide if 'Sie' means you or they.
  4. Modal verbs are followed by the infinitive, which goes to the end of the sentence. Other verbs use 'zu' plus infinitive.
  5. In 2-verb structures, the 2nd verb in the infinitive is at the end of the sentence.

Keywords

  • Du - subject pronoun meaning 'you' (singular), used in informal language

  • Sie - subject pronoun meaning 'you', used in formal language

  • Infinitive - form of the verb giving its general meaning, with no subject or tense; the dictionary form of the verb

  • Zu - word meaning 'to', used before the infinitive when there are 2 verbs in a sentence, but not with modal verbs

Common misconception

'Sie' always means 'she'.

'Sie' can mean 'she', 'they' or 'you (formal)'. Check the verb endings used alongside the pronoun and the spelling of 'sie' to determine the correct translation. Formal 'Sie' is always written with a capital letter.


To help you plan your year 8 german lesson on: An exchange: 'haben' and 'sein', 'Sie' vs 'du', infinitive clauses with 'zu', download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...

If students have exchange families, extend Task B by asking them to write a postcard or email to their exchange family. They could address it to the parents to practise using 'Sie'.
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This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

Lesson video

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6 Questions

Q1.
What does 'springen' mean?
to fly, flying
Correct answer: to jump, jumping
to run, running
to sprint, sprinting
to stand, standing
Q2.
Order the numbers from largest to smallest.
1 - einunddreißig
2 - dreißig
3 - zweiundzwanzig
4 - zwanzig
5 - siebzehn
6 - sechzehn
7 - dreizehn
Q3.
'Das Bild ist __________ der Wand'. Choose the correct missing word.
Correct answer: an
ans
in
ins
Q4.
Order the words to say: 'The train station in the city centre is pleasant.'
1 - der
2 - Bahnhof
3 - in
4 - dem
5 - Stadtzentrum
6 - ist
7 - angenehm
Q5.
Write in English: 'Er ist in den Fluss gefallen.'
Correct Answer: He fell into the river., He fell in the river.
Q6.
Write in German: 'I want to go into the shop.'
Correct Answer: Ich will ins Geschäft gehen., Ich will in das Geschäft gehen

5 Questions

Q1.
'Sie' can mean ...
Correct answer: 'you (formal)'.
'you (informal)'.
Correct answer: 'she'.
'he'.
Correct answer: 'they'.
Q2.
Match the meanings of 'sie' to the correct sentences.
Correct Answer:she,Ja, sie hat das Museum interessant gefunden.
tick

Ja, sie hat das Museum interessant gefunden.

Correct Answer:they,Ja, sie haben das Museum interessant gefunden.
tick

Ja, sie haben das Museum interessant gefunden.

Correct Answer:you,Haben Sie das Museum interessant gefunden?
tick

Haben Sie das Museum interessant gefunden?

Correct Answer:cannot tell,Sie haben das Museum interessant gefunden.
tick

Sie haben das Museum interessant gefunden.

Q3.
Which sentences need 'zu' adding before the infinitive?
Sie können eine Karte kaufen.
Correct answer: Sie planen, nach Berlin fahren.
Sie darf nicht ins Konzert gehen.
Correct answer: Sie hofft, einen Brief schreiben.
Wollen Sie im Fluss schwimmen?
Q4.
Order the words to say: 'I feel like eating pizza.'
1 - ich
2 - habe
3 - Lust
4 - ,
5 - Pizza
6 - zu
7 - essen
Q5.
Write in German: 'He helps me to learn maths.'
Correct Answer: Er hilft mir, Mathe zu lernen.

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