New
New
Year 6

The Oba of Benin

I can describe the role of the Oba and how this is represented in some of the Benin Bronzes.

New
New
Year 6

The Oba of Benin

I can describe the role of the Oba and how this is represented in some of the Benin Bronzes.

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Lesson details

Key learning points

  1. The Kingdom of Benin began in the 1000s CE and reached its peak in the 1400s CE under the rule of Oba Ewuare.
  2. The Obas were the rulers of Benin, and the people of Benin believed that they were divine and showed them great respect.
  3. Anyone approaching the Oba did so on their knees and were not allowed to look at him without permission.
  4. The Oba lived in a palace where they would meet with their officials and lead religious ceremonies.
  5. The British Museum holds many brass wall plaques showing Obas with their attendants conducting these rituals.

Keywords

  • Oba - the Oba was the ruler of the Edo people living in the Kingdom of Benin

  • Divine - to be divine is to be a god or like a god

  • Plaques - a plaque is a flat piece of metal, stone or wood with writing or images on it that is fixed to a wall or surface

Common misconception

All Obas of Benin were male.

While historically most Obas were, indeed, male, there were exceptions, and a few female rulers, known as "Queen Mothers," held significant influence and power. The Queen Mothers often acted as regents for young kings or played advisory roles.

Contrast the way in which the king of England is approached and regarded to the way in which the Oba was approached and regarded.
Teacher tip

Licence

This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2024), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

Lesson video

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6 Questions

Q1.
True or false? The Edo were the indigenous inhabitants of the Kingdom of Benin.
Correct answer: True
False
Q2.
Where was Benin City located?
Correct answer: on a plain
by the coast
on a mountain
Q3.
Complete the sentence. Surrounding Benin City were huge, strong to protect the city from threats and invasion.
Correct Answer: walls, Walls
Q4.
Which of the following was not a feature of Benin City?
high walls
suburbs
street lamps
Correct answer: round houses
Q5.
Who would have lived and worked inside the city walls?
Correct answer: tradesmen
farmers
Correct answer: craftsmen
Correct answer: artisans
Q6.
Approximately how many villages made up the suburbs, outside of the city walls?
Correct Answer: 500, five hundred

6 Questions

Q1.
When did the Kingdom of Benin begin?
10th Century
Correct answer: 11th Century
12th Century
13th Century
Q2.
What was the name given to the rulers of the Edo people living in the Kingdom of Benin?
Pharaohs
Emperors
Correct answer: Obas
Sultans
Q3.
What were the few female rulers who held significant influence and power known as?
Oba's Advisors
Correct answer: Queen Mothers
Chief Matrons
Ladies in Waiting
Q4.
Which statements accurately explain why Oba Ewuare was considered to be a great leader?
Correct answer: He expanded the kingdom’s territory.
He allowed his mother to rule in his place.
Correct answer: He fortified Benin City.
Correct answer: He forged friendships between countries and kingdoms.
Q5.
Complete the sentence. The Oba was regarded as , as it was thought that he had a connection to the gods.
Correct Answer: divine, Divine
Q6.
What were some of the important activities that the Obas would do in their palace?
Correct answer: meet with their officials
oversee trading goods
Correct answer: lead religious ceremonies
study and write manuscripts

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