New
New
Year 8

The growth of Britain's economy and empire

I can describe the debate that exists among historians as to the relationship between the growth of the British Empire and the growth of Britain's economy.

New
New
Year 8

The growth of Britain's economy and empire

I can describe the debate that exists among historians as to the relationship between the growth of the British Empire and the growth of Britain's economy.

Lesson details

Key learning points

  1. During the 'long eighteenth century' Britain underwent both agricultural and industrial revolutions.
  2. Historians have debated the extent to which these domestic developments led to the growth of the empire, or vice versa.
  3. A growing population in North America and the burgeoning trade in enslaved people created a demand for British goods.
  4. Some have argued that British manufacturing production owed more to demand from the domestic market than from overseas.
  5. Others have suggested that protectionist trade policies led to colonies becoming a burden on Britain.

Common misconception

The Transatlantic Slave Trade made up a large percentage of Britain’s national income.

The direct profit from the trade in enslaved people was 1% of Britain’s national income. However, much more wealth was generated in Britain from the trade in products produced by enslaved labour, and by provisioning the Transatlantic Slave Trade.

Keywords

  • Industrial - economic activity related to the manufacturing and production of goods

  • Demand - the willingness and ability of people to buy something

  • Manufactured - something produced on a large scale by machines, usually in a factory

  • Investment - the act of putting money, effort, time, etc., into something to make a profit or get an advantage

  • Domestic market - the number of customers who have the ability to buy goods within their own country

Debate panel: divide students into groups representing different historians’ perspectives on whether domestic developments or imperial trade fuelled Britain’s growth. Hold a debate, encouraging students to use evidence from the additional material.
Teacher tip

Content guidance

  • Depiction or discussion of discriminatory behaviour
  • Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

Supervision

Adult supervision recommended

Licence

This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2024), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

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6 Questions

Q1.
Which key Enlightenment idea contributed to the transformations in English society during the long 18th century?
Absolute monarchy
Religious intolerance
Correct answer: Liberty and intellectual freedom
Divine right of kings
Q2.
What was the main reason for Britain's ability to fund a powerful Royal Navy by 1815?
High taxation on agriculture
The invention of the steam engine
Correct answer: Adoption of Dutch financial institutions after the Glorious Revolution
Wealth from American colonies
Q3.
What was a significant effect of the Industrial Revolution on British society by 1815?
Decreased agricultural productivity
A decline in population growth
Correct answer: The rise of a mass consumer society
A reduction in global trade
Q4.
Which invention played a critical role in advancing Britain's Industrial Revolution by enhancing textile production?
The steam engine
Correct answer: The spinning jenny
The printing press
The cotton gin
Q5.
Britain's victory in the Seven Years War enabled it to control global trade routes and secure access to vast...
Correct Answer: wealth, Wealth
Q6.
By 1815, which regions had Britain established significant colonies in, contributing to its status as a global empire?
South America and Antarctica
Correct answer: Canada, Australia, South Africa, and the Caribbean
China and Japan
The Middle East and North Africa

6 Questions

Q1.
What key raw material was imported from the southern states of the USA and was crucial to Britain's textile industry during the Industrial Revolution?
Sugar
Tobacco
Correct answer: Cotton
Rubber
Q2.
Which innovation was considered the height of labour-saving technological advancements during the Industrial Revolution?
The spinning jenny
The cotton gin
Correct answer: The steam engine
The power loom
Q3.
The Transatlantic Slave Trade was crucial in providing that were invested in Britain's infrastructure, including canals and railways.
Correct Answer: profits
Q4.
Which British colony was nicknamed "white gold" due to its lucrative sugar production?
India
Correct answer: Jamaica
Australia
Canada
Q5.
By 1776, the population of the thirteen British colonies in America had grown to over million, creating a large market for British goods.
Correct Answer: 2.1, two point one
Q6.
What argument do some historians make about the relationship between the Industrial Revolution and the growth of the British Empire?
The British Empire had no impact on the Industrial Revolution
Correct answer: It made it possible by creating a need for raw materials and markets
The British Empire existed only because of the Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution was hindered by the expansion of the British Empire

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