New
New
Year 7

Scottish resistance to Edward I’s rule

I can explain why Edward I's attempts to conquer Scotland ended in failure.

New
New
Year 7

Scottish resistance to Edward I’s rule

I can explain why Edward I's attempts to conquer Scotland ended in failure.

Lesson details

Key learning points

  1. William Wallace and the Scottish resistance had several victories against the English.
  2. Scottish resistance helped to develop a common Scottish identity.
  3. Edward I died in 1307 and Robert the Bruce continued the Scottish resistance.
  4. Stirling Bridge was important because it was the first bridge across the River Forth.
  5. The Battle of Stirling Bridge was an important victory because it boosted Scottish resistance against English rule.

Common misconception

Students may assume that the English army only comprised English soldiers.

The English forces also included Welsh and even some Scottish soldiers. This reflects the complex political and military alliances of the time.

Keywords

  • Guerilla - a guerilla or ‘small war’ group is a small military force which make unexpected attacks on a larger army

  • Outlaw - an outlaw is a person who has broken the law and who lives separately from the other parts of society because they want to escape punishment

  • Schiltrom - a schiltrom is a military tactic which involved using long spears to protect soldiers from cavalry charges

  • Causeway - a causeway is a raised path, especially across a wet area

  • Chainmail - chainmail is a material made of small metal rings that have been joined together to make protective armour

Simulate the Battle of Stirling Bridge with a strategic board game designed by students. Divide the class into Scottish and English teams, each with different resources and challenges. This will help them understand the battle's dynamics and why it was a significant Scottish victory.
Teacher tip

Content guidance

  • Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

Supervision

Adult supervision recommended

Licence

This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2024), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

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6 Questions

Q1.
Why did Edward believe he could unite England and Scotland?
Correct answer: Scotland’s rulers swore allegiance to Edward
Correct answer: Scottish kings often married English royalty
Edward owned lots of land in Scotland
Correct answer: Scottish leaders fought for England
Scottish kings had previously ruled England
Q2.
How did Edward respond to the Scottish rebellion in 1296?
Correct answer: he brutally sacked Berwick, killing thousands
he brutally sacked Northumbria, burning the castle
he cooperated with the Scottish rebels
Q3.
Match the following keywords with their definition.
Correct Answer:allegiance,being loyal to a lord or monarch

being loyal to a lord or monarch

Correct Answer:sack,to attack and destroy a settlement

to attack and destroy a settlement

Correct Answer:oath of fealty,a formal promise to be loyal to a monarch

a formal promise to be loyal to a monarch

Q4.
Fill in the blank with the correct missing word: The Scots began an alliance with , known as the ‘Auld Alliance’, and invaded northern England.
Correct Answer: France, france, the french, the French, The French
Q5.
What was a direct result of Edward's rule over Scotland?
Correct answer: further resistance and anger among the Scots
peaceful relations between Scotland and England
Scotland became an independent kingdom
Q6.
What did Edward do to symbolize his dominance over Scotland?
he married a Scottish princess
he took the crown jewels to Wales
Correct answer: he took the Stone of Destiny to London

6 Questions

Q1.
Which Scottish knight helped lead the Scottish resistance to several victories against the English?
Earl of Stirling
Earl of Sussex
Correct answer: William Wallace
Q2.
What event prevented Edward I from launching another invasion of Scotland in 1307?
defeat in a previous battle
Correct answer: his death due to dysentery
signing of a peace treaty
withdrawal of his army's support
Q3.
Which word describes a military tactic involving long spears to protect soldiers from cavalry charges?
causeway
chainmail
guerilla
Correct answer: schiltrom
Q4.
Starting with the earliest, place these events in time order.
1 - William Wallace defeats the English forces at the Battle of Stirling Bridge
2 - Edward I defeats the Scots at the Battle of Falkirk
3 - Edward I dies of dysentery
4 - Robert the Bruce continues the Scottish resistance at Bannockburn
Q5.
Which of the following best describes the make-up of the English army in battles against the Scottish resistance?
the English army was made up of English soldiers only
the English army mainly included French mercenaries
Correct answer: the English army included Welsh and some Scottish soldiers
Q6.
The Battle of was a crucial victory for William Wallace and boosted Scottish resistance.
Correct Answer: Stirling Bridge, stirling bridge, Stirling bridge

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