New
New
Year 7

Welsh revolt and Edward I’s conquest of Wales

I can explain how Edward I conquered and ruled Wales.

New
New
Year 7

Welsh revolt and Edward I’s conquest of Wales

I can explain how Edward I conquered and ruled Wales.

Lesson details

Key learning points

  1. Edward I believed he could unite England and Wales under his kingship.
  2. Many Welsh revolted against English law and heavy-handed rule being forced upon them.
  3. Edward I launched a war of conquest assisted by Llywelyn’s Welsh enemies and the Scottish Earl of Carrick.
  4. The Welsh revolt was defeated and Llywelyn and Dafydd ap Gruffuff were both killed.
  5. Edward I built castles to enforce the English conquest of Wales.

Common misconception

The Welsh resistance was always a unified movement.

Many Welsh princes cooperated with Edward's Welsh campaign in 1277. Edward’s army also included 9000 Welsh soldiers.

Keywords

  • Heavy-handed - heavy-handed is using too much force in dealing with someone

  • treason - treason is to betray one’s country, government or leader

  • Vassal - a vassal is someone below someone else in the feudal system

  • Hanged, drawn and quartered - being hanged, drawn, and quartered is an execution where the person was hanged until nearly dead, cut down, disembowelled and cut into pieces

  • Dominate - to dominate is to have control over a place or person

Have students design and build small models of Edward I’s castles, emphasizing their strategic locations and defensive features, to understand how they enforced the English conquest.
Teacher tip

Content guidance

  • Depiction or discussion of discriminatory behaviour
  • Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

Supervision

Adult supervision recommended

Licence

This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2024), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

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6 Questions

Q1.
What was Llywelyn ap Gruffudd's title?
King of Wales
Marcher lord
Overlord of Wales
Correct answer: Prince of Wales
Q2.
What did Llywelyn ap Gruffudd's do after Edward I became king of England?
He pledged allegiance to Edward I.
Correct answer: He refused to renew his homage to Edward I.
He sought an alliance with Edward I.
Q3.
Match the following key words to their definitions:
Correct Answer:Britain,a collective name for England, Scotland and Wales

a collective name for England, Scotland and Wales

Correct Answer:Marcher,noble appointed by the English king to guard the Welsh border

noble appointed by the English king to guard the Welsh border

Correct Answer:homage,to publicly submit and swear an oath of fealty

to publicly submit and swear an oath of fealty

Q4.
In the early tenth century, the Anglo-Saxon King Athelstan had used the title ‘Rex Totius Britanniae’, or ‘King of all ’ on his coins.
Correct Answer: Britain, britain, the British, of Britain
Q5.
What was the outcome of Edward I's first campaign in Wales?
Llywelyn gained more territories, apart from the Marcher lordships.
Correct answer: Llywelyn lost all his conquered territories, apart from Gwynedd.
Correct answer: Llywelyn paid homage and accepted Edward I as his overlord.
Correct answer: Llywelyn surrendered.
Q6.
Edward I stopped the Welsh army from being able to access its main supply of food. What was the food and where in Wales did it come from?
cattle from Gwynedd
fish from the Gower
Correct answer: grain from Anglesey

6 Questions

Q1.
What did Edward I believe about the relationship between England and Wales?
They should remain separate.
Correct answer: He could unite them under his kingship.
Wales should be an independent kingdom.
Q2.
Which of these individuals or groups assisted Edward I in his war of conquest against the Welsh revolt of 1282?
Correct answer: Earl of Carrick
French allies
Llywelyn's friends
Correct answer: Llywelyn's Welsh enemies
Q3.
Match the following words to the correct definitions.
Correct Answer:heavy-handed,using too much force in dealing with someone

using too much force in dealing with someone

Correct Answer:treason,to betray one’s country, government or leader

to betray one’s country, government or leader

Correct Answer:dominate ,to have control over a place or person

to have control over a place or person

Q4.
Starting with the earliest, place these events in time order:
1 - Edward I began building castles surrounding Llywelyn and Dafydd's lands.
2 - Dafydd attacks Hawarden Castle.
3 - Llywelyn's death at the Battle of Irfon Bridge.
4 - Edward I’s son was given the title ‘Prince of Wales’.
Q5.
Which statement most closely describes Welsh support for Edward I?
All Welsh people supported Llywelyn ap Gruffudd against Edward.
Edward I had no Welsh support in his campaign.
Correct answer: Many Welsh princes and soldiers cooperated with Edward I.
The Welsh resistance was solely led by Llywelyn and Dafydd.
Q6.
Seeing that the revolt had spread across Wales, Edward decided to launch a war of conquest. Instead of ruling through as overlord, he wanted direct control over Wales - to be the King of Wales.
Correct Answer: vassals, Vassals

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