New
New
Year 9

Social democracy and nationalisation in post-war Britain

I can explain why the post-war Labour government nationalised key industries and describe the effects of this process.

New
New
Year 9

Social democracy and nationalisation in post-war Britain

I can explain why the post-war Labour government nationalised key industries and describe the effects of this process.

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Lesson details

Key learning points

  1. Due to their belief in social democracy, the Labour government were committed to a programme of nationalisation.
  2. They believed that this would lead to lower prices and create more jobs, with better working conditions.
  3. By 1951, key industries were nationalised: the coal mines; iron, gas and steel industries; and the railways.
  4. The Conservatives, critics of nationalisation, took over in 1951, but allowed these industries to remain nationalised.
  5. Output increased and more places were connected by rail but the process only artificially helped declining industries.

Keywords

  • Social democracy - a democratic welfare state that incorporates both capitalist and socialist practices

  • Nationalise - to transfer an industry or business from private to government ownership

Common misconception

Pupils might think that the people had control of nationalised industries.

The first chairman of the National Coal Board (NCB) was the former owner of the largest coal company in Britain.

Students could examine the structure of nationalised industries, who ran them and what they saw as the purpose of the industries, and how this may have conflicted with the views of the workers.
Teacher tip

Content guidance

  • Depiction or discussion of discriminatory behaviour
  • Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

Supervision

Adult supervision recommended

Licence

This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2024), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

Lesson video

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6 Questions

Q1.
What support for children had been available since the 1920s?
free childcare
free school meals
Correct answer: free school milk
free vegetables
Q2.
The state is the system by which the government protects the health and well-being of its citizens.
Correct Answer: welfare
Q3.
How many 'prefab' homes were created to address the immediate housing crisis following WW2?
15 700
Correct answer: 157 000
1.57 million
Q4.
What percentage of people paid into a system to allow them to access healthcare prior to the NHS?
20 percent
Correct answer: 40 percent
60 percent
Q5.
By how much had primary poverty fallen from 1936 to 1950?
14 percent
24 percent
Correct answer: 34 percent
Q6.
Match the Acts to how they improved the lives of British people post-WW2.
Correct Answer:1948 Children's Act,ensured that children were properly cared for and housed

ensured that children were properly cared for and housed

Correct Answer:1946 Industrial Injuries Act,provided insurance in the case of workplace injuries

provided insurance in the case of workplace injuries

Correct Answer:1948 National Assistance Act,gave extra support to some disabled, elderly and unemployed people

gave extra support to some disabled, elderly and unemployed people

6 Questions

Q1.
Why did Labour want to put major British industries into government hands?
to make them more cost effective
Correct answer: to make them more efficient
to make them more profitable for the government
Correct answer: to make them run in the interests of the people
Q2.
Which major industry was the first to be nationalised?
Correct answer: coal
electricity
gas
steel
railways
Q3.
What is the term for a democratic welfare state that incorporates both capitalist and socialist practices?
Correct Answer: social democracy
Q4.
Why did the Conservatives not want Labour to nationalise the iron and steel industries?
Correct answer: They were currently making a profit.
They were completely opposed to nationalisation.
They knew they could never be profitable.
Q5.
When were all previously nationalised industries sold back to private ownership?
1960s
1970s
Correct answer: 1980s
1990s
Q6.
Sort these industries by the date they were nationalised.
1 - coal
2 - electricity
3 - railways and gas
4 - iron and steel

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