New
New
Year 4

Explain what each factor represents in a multiplication equation

I can explain what each factor represents in a multiplication equation.

New
New
Year 4

Explain what each factor represents in a multiplication equation

I can explain what each factor represents in a multiplication equation.

Lesson details

Key learning points

  1. Factors can either represent the number of groups or the size of each group.
  2. Factors are commutative so they can swap positions within a multiplication equation and the product remains the same.
  3. When looking at multiplication expressions, the factors can be interpreted in two different ways to give two images.

Keywords

  • Factor - A factor is a whole number which divides exactly into another whole number.

  • Product - A product is the result of two or more numbers being multiplied.

  • Commutative - In addition and multiplication, numbers may be added or multiplied together in any order. This is called commutativity.

Common misconception

Pupils may struggle to identify whether a factor is representing the group size or the number of groups, particularly when their position in the equation is swapped to show commutativity.

Give children concrete examples to look at, such as jars of marbles, boxes of erasers or pots of pencils and write corresponding multiplication equations, identifying the factor that represents group size and the one that represents number of groups.

This lesson develops understanding of what factors within an expression represent and so all will benefit from support to visualise and manipulate models. Less emphasis should be placed on calculating products at speed.
Teacher tip

Licence

This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2024), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

Lesson video

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6 Questions

Q1.
What is the missing number in the equation below? × 2 = 8
Correct Answer: 4
Q2.
What is the missing number in the equation below? × 3 = 30
Correct Answer: 10
Q3.
What is the missing number in the equation below? × 4 = 24
Correct Answer: 6
Q4.
Tick the two equations that show that multiplication is commutative.
Correct answer: 9 × 2 = 18
Correct answer: 2 × 9 = 18
10 × 2 = 20
2 × 11 = 22
Q5.
There are 5 crates of 20 apples. Match the object with group size or number of groups.
Correct Answer:5 crates ,number of groups

number of groups

Correct Answer:20 apples,group size

group size

Q6.
There are 5 pots with 6 pencils in each. How many pencils are there altogether? pencils.
Correct Answer: 30

6 Questions

Q1.
What is the missing number in the equation below? × 9 = 45
Correct Answer: 5
Q2.
What is the missing number in this description of the array shown? 2, times is equal to 6
An image in a quiz
Correct Answer: 3
Q3.
True or false? Factors in a multiplication equation can swap positions.
Correct answer: True
False
Q4.
Which sentence best describes this image?
An image in a quiz
Correct answer: There are 3 pots of 2 pencils.
There are 2 pots of 3 pencils.
Q5.
Match the expressions that are of equal value.
Correct Answer:3 × 2,2 × 3

2 × 3

Correct Answer:3 × 4,4 × 3

4 × 3

Correct Answer:4 × 5 ,10 × 2

10 × 2

Correct Answer:13 × 15,15 × 13

15 × 13

Q6.
Which of these pairs of expressions do not have equal value?
5 × 4 and 4 × 5
10 × 2 and 2 × 10
Correct answer: 12 × 1 and 2 × 11