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Year 4

Bringing together taal, raag, and drone

I can add a drone to the taal and raag for an effective Hindustani classical musical performance.

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New
New
Year 4

Bringing together taal, raag, and drone

I can add a drone to the taal and raag for an effective Hindustani classical musical performance.

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Lesson details

Key learning points

  1. Nada Brahma, in Indian philosophy, means God is sound or the universe is sound.
  2. The drone is the constant sound that runs through Hindustani classical music.
  3. The drone symbolises the idea of Nada Brahma - the fundamental constant sound.
  4. The three main components of Hindustani classical music are taal, raag, and drone.
  5. We can clap and tap the taal, play a melody and improvise in the raag, and sing and hold a drone note.

Keywords

  • Drone - a constant, pitched sound that continues throughout a piece of music

  • Improvisation - creative, in-the-moment musical composition

  • Tanpura - a long-necked, plucked Indian instrument on which the drone is played

  • Texture - the combination of different layers of sound

Common misconception

Using just one note as a harmony would sound boring

Using a drone as part of a Hindustani classical performance adds an effective, meaningful and symbolic layer to the music

For the taal - if children can't clap and speak the rhythm cycle - they can do one or the other. For the raag - If some children prefer to sing the melody they can - likewise if some prefer to play the melody they can. For the drone - Children can sing a low Sa (C), a high 'Sa (C) or a Pa (G).
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Teacher tip
equipment-required

Equipment

Pitched percussion instruments such as glockenspiels, xylophones or chime bars. Approx 15.

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Licence

This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on
Open Government Licence version 3.0
except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

Lesson video

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4 Questions

Q1.
Which instrument most commonly plays the drone?
Correct answer: tanpura
tabla
sitar
Q2.
Which three of the following can we do using a raag?
play on tabla drums
Correct answer: sing a melody
Correct answer: improvise a tune using the notes from the raag
Correct answer: play notes from the raag on pitched instruments
play on a tanpura
Q3.
What is the first note of Raag Bhupali?
Correct Answer: Sa, sa, C, Sa'
Q4.
Which of these descriptions defines 'texture' in music?
how loud or quiet the music is
how fast or slow the music is played
Correct answer: how the layers of sound are combined
how high or low the notes are

4 Questions

Q1.
Match the Hindustani musical concepts to the instrument most likely to play it.
Correct Answer:taal,tabla
tick

tabla

Correct Answer:raag,sitar
tick

sitar

Correct Answer:drone,tanpura
tick

tanpura

Q2.
Nada Brahma means God is sound/ the universe is sound. How is this idea represented in Hindustani classical music?
The raag
Correct answer: The drone
The taal
The improvisation
Q3.
Match how we represented each of the three main components of Hindustani classical music.
Correct Answer:taal,clapping and tapping the rhythm cycle
tick

clapping and tapping the rhythm cycle

Correct Answer:raag,singing and playing a range of notes
tick

singing and playing a range of notes

Correct Answer:drone,singing and holding one note
tick

singing and holding one note

Q4.
A tanpura will play the first note (Sa), and the higher Sa'. What other note does it often play?
An image in a quiz
Correct Answer: Pa, pa