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Year 8

Virtue ethics

I can explain the development of virtue ethics and reflect on its usefulness.

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New
New
Year 8

Virtue ethics

I can explain the development of virtue ethics and reflect on its usefulness.

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Lesson details

Key learning points

  1. Aristotle's virtue ethics focuses on achieving eudaimonia through the development of moral character.
  2. A virtue is the golden mean, which means a balance between two extremes of deficiency and excess known as vices.
  3. Philippa Foot is a modern thinker who emphasises that virtues are gained through practical experience.
  4. One criticism of virtue ethics is that it does not provide clear guidance in specific situations.

Keywords

  • Eudaimonia - the state of living well and flourishing

  • Golden mean - the virtue that lies between two vices, which are the extremes of deficiency and excess

  • Philippa Foot - a British philosopher who developed virtue ethics in the 20th century

  • Vice - a bad quality that becomes a habit

  • Virtue - a good quality that becomes a habit

Common misconception

Virtue ethics is just about being nice or kind, so it doesn't require much thought or effort.

Virtue ethics is about developing a well-rounded character through reflection and experience, not just being kind, and requires practising virtues like courage and honesty to achieve flourishing (eudaimonia).

Students could compare virtue ethics with other ethical theories, focusing on how easy or challenging they are to apply to ethical decisions.
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Licence

This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

Lesson video

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6 Questions

Q1.
What is deontology primarily concerned with?
achieving the greatest good
Correct answer: acting according to duty and rules
considering consequences
adapting to each situation
Q2.
Kant believed that moral actions should be guided by the imperative, which acts as a universal moral law.
Correct Answer: categorical, Categorical
Q3.
Put the ethical theories below into chronological order according to when they were first developed.
1 - Aristotle (virtue ethics)
2 - Immanuel Kant (deontology)
3 - Jeremy Bentham (utilitarianism)
4 - Joseph Fletcher (situation ethics)
Q4.
What does teleology focus on in ethical theory?
duties and rules
the inherent rightness or wrongness of actions
Correct answer: achieving the best outcomes or consequences
following divine commands
Q5.
Jeremy Bentham’s utilitarianism is known for the principle of the greatest for the greatest number.
Correct Answer: good, Good, happiness, Happiness
Q6.
Which of the following best describes the guiding principle of situation ethics?
always adhering strictly to rules
acting out of a sense of duty regardless of the situation
Correct answer: making decisions based on love and the specific context
ensuring the outcome benefits oneself primarily

6 Questions

Q1.
What does virtue ethics focus on?
following strict rules
the consequences of actions
Correct answer: the development of moral character
avoiding suffering
Q2.
developed virtue ethics as a structured approach after the work of Socrates and Plato.
Correct Answer: Aristotle, aristotle
Q3.
Match these terms in virtue ethics to the correct definitions.
Correct Answer:eudaimonia,the state of living well and flourishing

the state of living well and flourishing

Correct Answer:virtues,a good quality that becomes a habit

a good quality that becomes a habit

Correct Answer:vices,a bad quality that becomes a habit

a bad quality that becomes a habit

Correct Answer:golden mean,the virtue that lies between two vices: deficiency & excess extremes

the virtue that lies between two vices: deficiency & excess extremes

Q4.
A virtue is the golden mean, which represents a balance between deficiency and .
Correct Answer: excess, Excess
Q5.
Which of the following is an example of a virtue according to Aristotle?
greed
cowardice
Correct answer: courage
rashness
Q6.
Through what are virtues gained, according to Philippa Foot?
reading philosophical texts
Correct answer: practical experience
following strict rules
avoiding all challenges

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