New
New
Year 9

Formation of fossil fuels

I can describe what coal, oil and natural gas are, how they formed, and why they are non-renewable energy resources.

New
New
Year 9

Formation of fossil fuels

I can describe what coal, oil and natural gas are, how they formed, and why they are non-renewable energy resources.

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Lesson details

Key learning points

  1. Coal is a sedimentary rock that burns because it is made mostly of carbon, with some impurities.
  2. Coal is formed from deep sediments of organic matter made of prehistoric plants.
  3. Oil and gas formed from dead plankton mixed in with sediments that formed millions of years ago.
  4. Oil and natural gas are found in pores of sedimentary rock.
  5. The organic matter that formed coal, oil and natural gas decomposed into hydrocarbons.

Keywords

  • Organic matter - Organic matter comes from living organisms. It contains carbon atoms as the main framework of compounds to which hydrogen atoms can attach.

  • Plankton - Plankton are microscopic, aquatic plants and animals.

  • Decomposition - Decomposition is the break down of dead and decaying matter.

  • Hydrocarbons - Hydrocarbons are molecules made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms only.

  • Fossil fuel - Fossil fuels are formed over millions of years from the dead remains of organisms.

Common misconception

Thinking we can keep finding more fossil fuels to use, and that they are a renewable energy resource.

Teach that fossil fuels take millions of years to form and they are being used at a faster rate than they are produced.

Engage students with samples of peat and coal. Explain that the gas used in schools for Bunsen burner use is often methane gas (the main constituent of natural gas).
Teacher tip

Licence

This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2024), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

Lesson video

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6 Questions

Q1.
How long does it take to form fossil fuels?
one week
one year
hundreds of years
Correct answer: millions of years
Q2.
What is the scientific name for burning?
pollution
photosynthesis
Correct answer: combustion
neutralisation
Q3.
What type of rock is coal?
igneous rock
metamorphic rock
Correct answer: sedimentary rock
Q4.
Hydrocarbons are molecules found in coal, crude oil and natural gas. Which elements do hydrocarbons contain?
oxygen and sulfur
Correct answer: hydrogen and carbon
nitrogen and magnesium
helium and calcium
Q5.
Match the key terms with the correct definitions.
Correct Answer:organic matter,this comes from living organisms

this comes from living organisms

Correct Answer:plankton,microscopic, aquatic plants and animals

microscopic, aquatic plants and animals

Correct Answer:decomposition,the break down of dead and decaying matter

the break down of dead and decaying matter

Correct Answer:fossil fuels,formed over millions of years from the dead remains of organisms

formed over millions of years from the dead remains of organisms

Q6.
Which of the following are fossil fuels?
Correct answer: coal
solar
wind
Correct answer: crude oil
Correct answer: natural gas

6 Questions

Q1.
What name do we give fuels formed over millions of years from the dead remains of organisms?
Correct Answer: fossil fuels, fossil
Q2.
The organic matter that formed coal, oil and natural gas decomposed into which molecules?
sulfur dioxide
Correct answer: hydrocarbons
magnesium oxide
calcium carbonate
Q3.
What conditions lead to the production of fossil fuels from organic matter over millions of years?
high temperature and low pressure
Correct answer: high temperature and high pressure
low temperature and low pressure
low temperature and high pressure
Q4.
Coal is made from ...
phytoplankton.
zooplankton.
Correct answer: plants.
crude oil.
natural gas.
Q5.
Where are crude oil and natural gas found?
in coal mines
deep in the oceans
the base of volcanoes
Correct answer: in pores of sedimentary rocks
Q6.
Rearrange the statements to describe how crude oil and natural gas form.
1 - Dead plankton settle at the bottom of the oceans.
2 - Plankton become covered by sediments and mud.
3 - High pressure and high temperatures turn the plankton into crude oil and gas.
4 - The crude oil and natural gas moves through the pores in sedimentary rock.
5 - Reservoirs of crude oil and natural gas form under impermeable rock.