New
New
Year 8

Structure of Earth

I can describe the structure of Earth.

New
New
Year 8

Structure of Earth

I can describe the structure of Earth.

Lesson details

Key learning points

  1. Earth is a spherical, rocky planet with a thin crust, partially covered in water.
  2. Under Earth’s crust is a dense rocky layer, called the mantle.
  3. In the centre of Earth is a solid metallic core surrounded by a liquid outer core.
  4. Temperature and pressure increases towards the centre of Earth, making the inner core extremely hot and solid.
  5. Scientists use models to better understand phenomena, including Earth's structure.

Common misconception

Pupils struggle to appreciate the relative scales between each layer and features of the mantle.

Use common models (boiled egg or an orange) to stress the relative sizes and use multiple demonstrations to model features of the mantle.

Keywords

  • Crust - The rocky, outermost layer of Earth.

  • Mantle - A layer of dense rock found below the crust. Parts of it behave as a fluid over very long, geological time scales.

  • Outer core - The outer core is a liquid layer of mostly iron and nickel that lies between the mantle and inner core.

  • Inner core - The inner core is a solid ball of mostly iron that lies at the centre of Earth, within the outer core.

  • Model - Used by scientists to represent parts of the natural world that are difficult to observe or explain directly.

Challenge pupils to suggest / create other appropriate models of Earth's structure and discuss the pros / cons of each model.
Teacher tip

Equipment

None required.

Licence

This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2024), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

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6 Questions

Q1.
Which planet is Earth in the order from the Sun?
An image in a quiz
first
second
Correct answer: third
fourth
Q2.
Earth’s surface is mostly covered by .
Correct Answer: water
Q3.
What shape is Earth?
flat
Correct answer: spherical
cubic
cylindrical
Q4.
Which of the following states of matter has a definite volume but no definite shape?
solid
Correct answer: liquid
gas
Q5.
The of a material determines how much space it takes up.
Correct Answer: volume
Q6.
A scientific is a representation of a part of the natural world that is difficult to observe directly.
Correct Answer: model

6 Questions

Q1.
Match the following key terms to their definition.
Correct Answer:crust,The rocky, outermost layer of Earth.

The rocky, outermost layer of Earth.

Correct Answer:mantle,A layer of dense rock found below the crust.

A layer of dense rock found below the crust.

Correct Answer:outer core,A liquid layer of mostly iron and nickel.

A liquid layer of mostly iron and nickel.

Correct Answer:inner core,A solid ball of mostly iron that lies at the centre of Earth.

A solid ball of mostly iron that lies at the centre of Earth.

Q2.
Why do scientists use models to study Earth's structure?
Models are easier to understand than real data.
Correct answer: Earth's structure cannot be observed directly.
Models are more accurate than measurements.
Earth's structure is simple and doesn't require models.
Q3.
Which layer of Earth is partially covered in water?
Correct answer: crust
mantle
outer core
inner core
Q4.
The is a layer of dense rock below the crust that behaves as a fluid over very long geological time scales.
Correct Answer: mantle
Q5.
Why do scientists often simplify Earth's structure into four main layers (crust, mantle, outer core, inner core) even though there are many more sub-layers?
Because the additional layers are not important.
Correct answer: To make it easier to understand and study Earth's structure.
Because the additional layers do not affect Earth's overall structure.
To ignore the complexity of Earth's interior.
Q6.
What happens to temperature and pressure as you go deeper towards Earth's centre?
Both temperature and pressure decrease.
Temperature increases, but pressure decreases.
Correct answer: Both temperature and pressure increase.
Temperature decreases, but pressure increases.