New
New
Year 7

Thermal conductors

I can use the idea of vibrating particles to explain heating by thermal conduction.

New
New
Year 7

Thermal conductors

I can use the idea of vibrating particles to explain heating by thermal conduction.

Lesson details

Key learning points

  1. The temperature along a thermal conductor increases quickly when it is heated.
  2. The temperature along a thermal insulator increases very slowly when it is heated.
  3. In thermal conductors, vibrating particles quickly cause the particles near to them to vibrate as well.
  4. In thermal insulators, it is hard for vibrating particles to cause the particles near to them to vibrate as well.

Common misconception

Heat is a substance that flows through thermal conductors.

Emphasise that in a solid the particles do not move along the material during thermal conduction and that what we experience as ‘heat’ is particles in an object vibrating against our skin.

Keywords

  • Thermal conduction - a change in temperature due to particles passing on their motion through their bonds or by particle collisions

  • Thermal conductor - a substance along which thermal conduction happens quickly

  • Thermal insulator - a substance along which thermal conduction happens slowly

  • Forces of attraction - hold together the neighbouring particles in a solid or liquid; these forces are weaker the further apart the particles are

Electrons play a significant role in the thermal conductivity of metals but teaching this idea is best left until after pupils understand the motion of electrons in electric circuits.
Teacher tip

Licence

This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2024), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

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6 Questions

Q1.
Which material passes a vibration on the quickest when one end is shaken?
Correct answer: a stiff metal rod
a length of string
a length of elastic cord
Q2.
Why is a solid often stiff?
Correct answer: Its particles are held together by strong attractive forces.
Its particles are vibrating.
Its particles are very close together, mostly touching.
Q3.
Why is the handle of a sauce pan often made of wood or plastic?
Wood and plastic heat up quickly.
Correct answer: Wood and plastic heat up slowly.
Wood and plastic burn in a gas flame.
Wood and plastic do not burn in a gas flame.
Q4.
Why is the base of a saucepan usually made of metal?
Correct answer: Metal heats up quickly.
Metal heats up slowly.
Metal burns in a gas flame.
Correct answer: Metal does not burn in a gas flame.
Q5.
In which state of matter do particles collide the least often?
solid state
liquid state
Correct answer: gas state
Q6.
What happens when one end of a metal rod is heated in a Bunsen flame?
The other end remains at room temperature.
Correct answer: The other end gets hotter over time.
The other end gets hot straight away.

6 Questions

Q1.
If the temperature along a solid increases quickly, it is called a thermal .
Correct Answer: conductor, conduction
Q2.
If the temperature along a solid increases slowly, it is called a thermal .
Correct Answer: insulator, insulation
Q3.
Which of the following would you expect to be good thermal conductors?
water
plastic
Correct answer: metal
wood
air
Q4.
Which of these metals is the best thermal conductor?
copper
iron
nickel
there is no difference between them
Correct answer: it is impossible to tell without more information
Q5.
What happens to the particles a solid is made of when its temperature is increased?
they reduce in size
Correct answer: they vibrate faster
they increase in size
they vibrate faster and increase in size
Q6.
Why are solids better thermal conductors than liquids?
in a solid, particles are stronger
in a solid, particles move around more
in a solid, particles are much closer together
Correct answer: in a solid, particles have stronger forces of attraction between them