New
New
Year 9

Ultrasound

I can describe what ultrasound is and explain its properties, and also describe some uses of ultrasound.

New
New
Year 9

Ultrasound

I can describe what ultrasound is and explain its properties, and also describe some uses of ultrasound.

Lesson details

Key learning points

  1. Sound waves of frequency below 20 Hz usually cannot be heard by humans, so are called infrasound.
  2. Sound waves of frequency above 20 000 Hz usually cannot be heard by humans, so are called ultrasound.
  3. Ultrasound waves can cause objects to vibrate, so transfer energy. They do not cause harm to the human body.
  4. Ultrasound can be used to image structures inside the body as it reflects from boundaries between tissues.
  5. Ultrasound vibrations can clean delicate objects and can help to treat injuries and illnesses in physiotherapy.

Keywords

  • Sound wave - a ‘pulse’ that travels through a material, caused by forward and backward vibrations of particles

  • Frequency - the number of vibrations each second

  • Ultrasound - sound waves with a frequency above 20 000 Hz, that cannot be detected by human ears

  • Tissue - a group of living cells that are similar and perform a specific function

Common misconception

Ultrasound may be harmful to the human body (similar to X–rays).

Ultrasound is essentially the same thing as sound (longitudinal waves). It consists of vibrations of matter, rather than an additional entity or 'ray' that interacts strongly with matter. Compare sound of 19 999 Hz with ultrasound of 20 001 Hz.

Video clips showing each of the example uses of ultrasound can be found online by searching for ultrasound scans, ultrasonic cleaning and ultrasound physiotherapy.
Teacher tip

Licence

This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2024), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

Lesson video

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6 Questions

Q1.
Which of the following are transferred by a sound wave?
Correct answer: energy
particles
Correct answer: vibrations
Q2.
When a material allows a wave to travel through it, we say that the material __________ the wave.
transfers
transforms
Correct answer: transmits
transports
Q3.
Which of the following is the frequency of a wave?
Correct answer: the number of pulses per second
the time taken for one pulse
the number of pulses per metre
the length of one pulse
Q4.
Which of the following is the unit of frequency?
Correct answer: Hz
J
m
Pa
s
Q5.
Which of the following statements about ultrasound waves is correct?
Ultrasound waves have the same frequency as sound waves.
Ultrasound waves have lower frequencies than sound waves.
Correct answer: Ultrasound waves have higher frequencies than sound waves.
Q6.
Match each of the following parts of the human ear with its function.
Correct Answer:small bones,act as levers to amplify vibrations

act as levers to amplify vibrations

Correct Answer:pinna,funnels sound into the ear canal

funnels sound into the ear canal

Correct Answer:ear drum,vibrates when a sound wave hits it

vibrates when a sound wave hits it

Correct Answer:nerve,sends signals to the brain

sends signals to the brain

Correct Answer:cochlea,contains liquid, and hair cells that can produce nerve signals

contains liquid, and hair cells that can produce nerve signals

6 Questions

Q1.
Ultrasound means sound waves with frequencies above…
20 Hz
200 Hz
2000 Hz
Correct answer: 20 000 Hz
200 000 Hz
Q2.
How many of the following materials can ultrasound waves travel through? air, water, soft tissue in the body.
zero
one
two
Correct answer: three
Q3.
Which of the following explains why humans cannot hear ultrasound?
Ultrasound waves burst the eardrum.
Ultrasound waves cannot fit into the ear canal.
Correct answer: Parts of the human ear cannot vibrate fast enough.
The brain cannot recognise nerve signals caused by ultrasound.
Q4.
Which of the following increases the rate of energy transfer by a sound wave or ultrasound wave?
decreasing the pitch
Correct answer: increasing the amplitude
Correct answer: increasing the frequency
Q5.
Which of the following describes how ultrasound can be useful in physiotherapy?
It can be used to cool body tissues.
Correct answer: It can be used to warm body tissues.
It can be used to detect bone fractures.
It can be used to see inside body tissues.
Q6.
Which of the following statements explain why ultrasound can be used to look inside the human body?
It has a heating effect.
Correct answer: It passes through human tissue.
It increases blood flow to body tissue.
Correct answer: It reflects off boundaries between different tissues.