New
New
Year 10
•
AQA
•
Foundation
Predicting states of matter
I can predict the state of matter of a substance at different temperatures using the particle model.
New
New
Year 10
•
AQA
•
Foundation
Predicting states of matter
I can predict the state of matter of a substance at different temperatures using the particle model.
Lesson details
Key learning points
- There are changes in arrangement, movement and energy of particles during state changes.
- There are two types of change, physical and chemical, and these can be explained in terms of the particle model.
- The physical state of a substance can be predicted at specified temperatures.
- Forces of attraction between particles have a role in determining the amount of energy needed for state changes.
Common misconception
Pupils often confuse physical and chemical changes. Also, pupils do not appreciate that substances can exist in any state of matter depending on temperature.
Use the phrasing 'substances in a solid state' rather than solids to avoid pupils thinking that the substance only exits in one specific state.
Keywords
Physical change - A change in which no new substances are formed, such as a change in state, e.g. melting.
Chemical change - When a reaction takes place and atoms or ions in the reactants are rearranged to make new products/substances.
Use different strength magnets to help pupils understand forces of attraction having varying strengths.
Teacher tip
Equipment
Optional : pair of magnets that have different magnetic strengths.
Licence
This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2024), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).
Video
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Starter quiz
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6 Questions
Q1.
Which of the following statements can correctly finish this sentence?: Substances in a solid state...
Correct answer: cannot be compressed.
cannot be compressed.
Correct answer: do not take the shape of the container they are in.
do not take the shape of the container they are in.
have larger particles than all substances in a liquid state.
have particles which have no energy at all.
Correct answer: have particles which vibrate around their fixed positions.
have particles which vibrate around their fixed positions.
Q2.
Which of the following statements can correctly finish this sentence? Substances in a liquid state…
Correct answer: at boiling point can form bubbles of the substance anywhere in the liquid.
at boiling point can form bubbles of the substance anywhere in the liquid.
can be compressed.
Correct answer: have particles at the surface which may have enough energy to leave.
have particles at the surface which may have enough energy to leave.
Correct answer: have particles which can move around and over each other.
have particles which can move around and over each other.
take the shape of the whole of the container they are in.
Q3.
Which of the following statements can correctly finish this sentence? Substances in a gas state…
Correct answer: are formed in the bubbles inside a liquid at boiling point
are formed in the bubbles inside a liquid at boiling point
Correct answer: can be compressed
can be compressed
have particles which are not attracted to each other at all, ever
Correct answer: have particles which can escape an open container to fill all the space
have particles which can escape an open container to fill all the space
Correct answer: take the shape of the container they are in
take the shape of the container they are in
Q4.
As particles gain energy, they are able to overcome the between them.
Correct Answer: forces of attraction, force of attraction
forces of attraction, force of attraction
Q5.
Which aspects of a particle change when a substance’s state of matter changes?
Correct answer: arrangement relative to other particles
arrangement relative to other particles
Correct answer: energy of particle
energy of particle
Correct answer: movement of particle
movement of particle
shape of particle
size of particle
Q6.
Match the following terms to their definitions.
Correct Answer:boiling point,temperature where substance changes from liquid state to gas state
boiling point -
temperature where substance changes from liquid state to gas state
Correct Answer:condensing point,temperature where substance changes from gas state to liquid state
condensing point -
temperature where substance changes from gas state to liquid state
Correct Answer:freezing point,temperature where substance changes from liquid state to solid state
freezing point -
temperature where substance changes from liquid state to solid state
Correct Answer:melting point,temperature where substance changes from solid state to liquid state
melting point -
temperature where substance changes from solid state to liquid state
Exit quiz
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6 Questions
Q1.
Changes of state, such as when a substance in the solid state becomes a substance in the liquid state, do not involve the formation of new substances, so these are changes.
Correct Answer: physical
physical
Q2.
In the main image, the important information has been replaced with grey boxes. Which of the three images below is the best representation of a chemical change of substances in the same state?
Correct answer: image 1
image 1
image 2
image 3
Q3.
Starting from a substance in the gas state, sort the states and the temperatures at which changes of state happen in order?
1 - substance in the gas state
1
- substance in the gas state
2 - condensing point
2
- condensing point
3 - substance in the liquid state
3
- substance in the liquid state
4 - freezing point
4
- freezing point
5 - substance in the solid state
5
- substance in the solid state
Q4.
In the image below, what indicates that substance A has a lower melting point than substance B?
the colour of the particles: green is a colder colour than pink
the direction of the arrows: different arrows going in all directions
the shading of the particles: darker means stronger
Correct answer: the thickness of the arrows: thinner means weaker
the thickness of the arrows: thinner means weaker
Q5.
Three balloons are filled with neon, methane and oxygen, respectively. Why would you expect the substance in the methane filled balloon to have the highest boiling point?
it has more than one type of atom in its molecules
it has strong covalent bonds in the molecules
Correct answer: it has stronger intermolecular forces between the particles
it has stronger intermolecular forces between the particles
it has the biggest particles and they do not move
Q6.
At which temperature are all these substances in a liquid state?
at -200$$^o$$C
at 25$$^o$$C
at 1500$$^o$$C
between 0 and 100$$^o$$C
Correct answer: never
never
Q5 "Relating Pressure, Volume, Amount and Temperature" Source: Openstax (https://openstax.org/books/chemistry-2e/pages/9-2-relating-pressure-volume-amount-and-temperature-the-ideal-gas-law) licensed under CC BY 4.0